A summary of Linux disk formatting and management knowledge points

The format of the disk is to create a file system, then how to implement the format? Here's a description of the commands and usage to format the disk

 

First, let's get to know the file system on Linux.

  /: root directory
   /bin: binary, executable command
   /sbin: Executable command, only for administration, usually only administrators have permission to use.
   /boot: Boot, the operating system used to boot system startup files, typically the kernel
    dev: device files
              Linux Device type
              character devices: Files that start with C, linear devices
              block devices: Files that start with B, random devices
   /etc: Profiles
   /home: User's home directory,/home/ Username,eg:jerry,/home/jerry
   /lib,/lib64: library file
   /media: mount point directory, Typically used for hanging on portable devices
   /mnt: mount point directories, hanging on additional file systems
   /misc: Backup directory
   / NET
   /opt Optional directory, usually third-party software installed occasionally on this path
   /proc: pseudo-file system, kernel mapping in memory
    /selinux: Security-enhanced Linux
   /srv:service  is part of the service's intermediate data storage location
   /sys:Similar to proc, typically used to access acquisition hardware device properties Information
   /tmp: Temporary files directory
   /usr: storing read-only files
    /var: Files that are often changed, such as logs
file systems are usually provided by the kernel, and the file systems inside windows are: NTFS, fat32  Linux inside the file system mainly by EXT2,EXT3,EXT4,XFS, Reiserfs,nfs,iso9600,jfs,brtfs

The format of the disk is to create a file system, then how to implement the format? Here's a description of the commands and usage to format the disk

The first step; partition

fdisk [DEVICE]
D Delete a partition
n Create a new partition
W Save exit
Q Do not save exit
The system ID corresponding to each partition type
T modifies the system ID of the specified partition
Method for the kernel to reread the partition table after partitioning
1, restart the system
2, RHEL5 on the use of Partprobe [DEVICE] Implementation
REHL6 using Partx-a [PARTITION] DEVICE implementation

Step two: Format the partitions and create the file system

Mkfs-t Fstype/dev/part = mke2fs-t Fstype/dev/part
Important: 1, the file system must be supported by the kernel to use, that is, the kernel has the corresponding kernel module, or has
Integrate it into the kernel;
2, to have the corresponding file system creation tool, this is usually mkfs.fstype

mke2fs-t {EXT2|EXT3|EXT4}
-B {1024|2048|4096}: Block size
Block size depends on CPU support for memory page frame size, x86 system default page frame size is 4K;
-L Label: Set Volume label
-M #: reserved for the proportion of total space occupied by the blocks used by the management;
-R #: The number of blocks reserved for management use;
-E: Set the extended properties of the file system;

Tune2fs
-L: Displays file system super block information;
-L Label: re-set the volume label;
-M #: Adjusts the proportion of the total space occupied by the blocks reserved for administration;
-R #: Adjusts the number of blocks reserved for management use;
-O: Set mount default options
-O: Set file system default attributes
-E: Adjusting the extended properties of the file system

Blkid DEVICE display device uuid, file system type, and volume label

The third step is to mount

  Mount [t-fstype] DEVICE mount_point
  Mount [-t Fstype] label= "volume label"   Mount_point
  Mount [-T Fstype] Uuid= the "UUID"   Mount_point
Mount, the existing data is hidden and cannot be mounted on the system's common directory;
When you uninstall, make sure that no process is accessing the mounted device; otherwise, you cannot uninstall;
 -o Used to specify the hanging option.
       ro: read-only mount;
       RW: Read and write, the default is read and write;
  noatime: Turn off update access time;
     Auto: Can be mounted by "mount-a";
 defaults: Equivalent to RW, suid, dev , exec, auto, nouser, async, and Relatime
     sync: Synchronous Write
    async: Asynchronous Write
de V:
 remount: Re-mount
 loop: Local loopback device,
 -n  on system without updating device files
 -r  read-only mount, equivalent to "-O ro" br> free view memory size
  m: space size conversion to MB
  g: space size conversion to GB