A widely-spread project management (zt)

 
First, I would like to ask you a question: Do you think Chinese people are smart or Americans are smart?
The best answer I have ever met is Chinese Americans.
We say Americans are stupid. Why?
Have you ever been to T or G? They often come up with the question 1/3 + 1/2 =?
The answer for 50% of students is 2/5. This is a question for the U.S. postgraduate entrance exam!

Usually there is another 1/2 + 1/2 = before this problem? Why?
They are afraid of being too difficult. Warm up easily first.
I have seen many PhD in the United States. For Americans, if... else... is logic, and if... if... else... it becomes a philosophy, and it is also the reason for so many philosophical doctors in the United States :)

We say Americans are stupid. Why should we learn from them? We will answer this question later.
Ask another question: if you have just bought a luxurious house, but your three-year-old son wrote "I love the Great Wall, I Love Tiananmen Square in Beijing" on the whole wall. What should you do?
Some girls talk about brute-force attacks. It is still rare to say this answer from the girl's mouth.

What do Americans do?
They will say to their children, "you old man really have the talent for painting. It's just Picasso's Picasso. You can sell at least 1 million US dollars." You know Americans like money, it must be obvious to quantify with money.
But obviously, you old people cannot save painting on the walls permanently, so I will buy you a canvas tomorrow. Otherwise, how much Picasso will we lose!
So we can see our little girl rolling on the canvas happily. The walls are also clean.

The Chinese are very smart and can be seen from everyone, but the Chinese have a smart way to do their jobs. They often make every project according to their own opinions.
How do Americans do this? They are like taking a bath. They will put a piece of paper in front of them. They will first wash their heads, ears, and faces ,,, in this way, there is a certain process, and a system is gradually formed.
This is why we are discussing project management today.

Project management is divided into nine knowledge fields: cost management, quality management, time management, scope management, human resource management, communication management, risk management, procurement management, and overall management.
Time, quality, and cost management constitute a triangle
Draw a triangle on paper
Time, quality, and cost (equi triangle) on each edge)

The movement of any party will inevitably lead to other deformation. What if the time is shortened? It is what we often call the "gift Project", which will certainly affect the quality and cost. Q: What is the middle of this triangle?
Yes, scope management, that is, the scope of the project. This is what we often call the project "Project Management Triangle"

The following describes the Project Management Triangle in project management.
The cost in the project triangle mainly comes from the cost of required resources, naturally including the cost of human resources. I believe this is a good understanding.
To shorten the project time, you need to increase the project cost (resources) or reduce the project scope;
To save project costs (resources), you can reduce the project scope or extend the project time;
If the demand changes and the scope of the project increases, you need to increase the project cost (resources) or extend the project time.

Through the "Project Management Triangle", we understand the simple definition of project cost, time, quality, and scope.

How long does a Project Manager spend on communication?
It should be less than 75% of the time for communication, so the project management will be listed separately.

The main line of all these fields is the overall management of projects.
Due to time constraints, we will not discuss other knowledge areas in detail, because today is an introduction, haha

In addition to nine knowledge fields, project management should also know five Process Groups.
Five process groups are: Start, plan, execute, control, and close.

These five process groups run through every field of knowledge. Do you know?
For example:
Someone (metaphor) had a hard time finding a girlfriend. In order to increase the distance, he wanted to visit Eurasia for 8 days. So he spent 30 thousand yuan on his savings for many years, one-time investment.
However, while traveling, his mm looked at another handsome guy, so he was lucky. What's the problem?
It indicates that there was a problem when his project was started. Without good market research, there was no way to control the result process.

According to PMI, after receiving the ticket, the project is naturally transferred to the start stage.
So he worked hard and finally spent another 30 thousand yuan. This time he didn't travel with beautiful women. Considering his expenses, he invited the girl to watch a movie.

So he showed this girl -- the first drop of blood
The girl looked very nice. After reading it, she thought this guy had a violent tendency and broke up again. What are the issues?
No effective requirement investigation is conducted, that is, there is no clear requirement definition during the planning.
So next time he knew that the girl loved watching the dance drama, so he invited a pretty girl to watch Swan Lake, but something went wrong --
After entering, I found that the seats were not in the same group. When they switched the seats together, the song and dance drama was over. What does this mean?
Yes, it indicates that there is no good execution, at least there is no effective supervision in the execution process.
Other processes are not explained one by one. Here I emphasize the importance of ending.

We tend to focus very much on closing the contract, but always ignore the management ending. What is the management ending?
Some Comrade learned all the lessons and finally got a marriage certificate. What else should he do?
By the way, we should summarize all the lessons learned and report them to our mom in writing and post them on the back of the door.
Then put up a couplet in the middle Hall: those who want to fall in love must read the back of the door-"Love guide"
In the future, anyone who wants to fall in love with their siblings must first refer to the love guide behind the door.

What can this do? Yes, they will be able to stay at this level in the future.

 

How can we ensure this process? Yes, our qa staff, that is, his mother, is also responsible for quality control.
Family Rules: do not refer to or do not follow this operator, do not fall in love!
Major companies generally have quality management departments (QA). QA members are basically old foxes transformed from very experienced pm and are powerful successors of CEOS :)
This is why we say that a failed project will train a group of outstanding project managers.

Which of the following is the love guide? What is the document important? We said that the comrades at the China Telecom Science and Technology Department are important. Why do they care about this?
Let's pick up a pen around you and tell me how long it will be?
Some say 10 cm, some say 10. 0987 cm.
We say his estimation is accurate, but not accurate !!
If I take a pen and tell you exactly 10 cm, then compare it with your pen, isn't it easier for you to calculate?
This document is very important. Some people think that the document is the most boring. Isn't it necessary to make a summary after the project is over.
Errors: documents should be organized throughout project management.
Document management is a good way to track and monitor projects. Simply put, you can manage documents according to your project plan.

The main line of archive classification is: project initiation, planning, execution, and termination. In each category, the archive is managed by task or group classification, based on your project complexity and management habits, the principle is to track the progress of the entire project.

We have discussed nine areas of knowledge in project management, five Process Groups, and the "Project Management Triangle". Next we will talk about PMBOK.

PMBOK is the project management Bible, that is, the project management body of knodge DGE, the Project Management Knowledge System Guide
It is the core guiding publication of the American Project Management Association (PMI ).
But it is like a dictionary, and you often fall asleep when you see the third page :)
This section briefly introduces the American Project Management Association (PMI) and the International Project Management Association (IPMA)
The Project Management Association of America only has one PMP certificate, and IPMA has four levels. You can take the exam after graduation. This will be detailed later.

Here are a few terms. If you have mastered them, you will be able to give them a lecture on project management, and no one will dare to underestimate you.
They are WBS, Gantt charts, baselines, project stakeholders, and key paths.

WBS is the Work Breakdown Structre, the work breakdown structure
The definition of WBS is still very troublesome. PM should hold a team for discussion, provide all the project-related details to the members, and break down the WBS tree into Layer 2 and Layer 3. It will take some time for members to brainstorm their ideas, develop work outputs and responsibilities of the corresponding personnel, and record the completion criteria of each work package.

For example, how can we get married?
This is nothing more than a banquet, wedding photos, and so on. Someone has made a detailed breakdown on the Forum and you can find it.

We are talking about why WBS is important, and most of the project management consulting is about WBS.
Because WBS is ready, you will have reference in the future, and you will know what you should do and what progress you should accomplish at different stages.
In fact, there are no rules for the division of WBS. The main consideration is to facilitate you to do all kinds of statistical work and serve the management.
In the same project, the management focus is different, and the WBS structure may be completely different.
The criteria for determining whether a division is good or not are determined to meet your management needs.

Gantt chart is also called a crosstab chart and many other names. We say it was used by Gantt in the First World War. It visualizes the progress of WBS on the basis of WBS.

For reference, I would like to give an example.
How many boats did you step on before we got married?
We say the law permits but the morality does not permit, but you can step on N ships :)
But when one day you and your friends enter a dark room and carry two stamped books, can you step on N ships?
We say this is not allowed, because you have passed a baseline)
If you want to step on N ships, you need to go back to the dark room and build two more chapters.

What should we do if our project is out of track, that is, project change?
We say that such a project change will affect various elements such as time, cost, and quality.
The Project Management Office should control the changes. If you want to change the benchmark, strict restrictions must be imposed.

When the customer initiates a change request, the Change Application Form and change application form should be established and signed by the customer.
Sometimes some modules that are not very critical do not have to talk about their feelings at all. We should sell their faces, especially when they are in front of the other party's leaders, but don't sell it too simply. Don't make them get it too easily.

In the change management, PM needs to analyze the change request, evaluate the potential risks of the change and modify the benchmark file.

If a project is in progress, such as the current 3G dim sum project, you will find that if you spend more time writing programs that will be very useful in the future, but this program is not within the scope of this project. Do you want to do it?

Yes, we can't do it. You can start a new project to do it, but you cannot do it in this project. This will cause our project costs to exceed and risks to increase, in addition, there is a lack of comparison and reference value with other projects.

This is also the reason why we say that more than 80% of projects have failed. We say that project failure does not mean that the project cannot proceed, and the project is completely broke. PMI has a clear definition, if the project cost exceeds the budget, the quality is not guaranteed, and the time exceeds the expectation, the project is within the scope of failure.

This is a good practice at Huawei. Huawei has a famous reputation for incremental development.
Only use the 20% feature to meet your 80% requirements first. I can develop and upgrade other features, so I will add numbers after the decimal point, so V1, V1.1, v1.11 .... other Versions

It never satisfies all your needs at once. Let's think about it. No one has to use all the ping codes on their own phones. We say no, most of our needs are to call, send messages, and play games, right?

This is very important in project management. Please study it with relevant materials.

Who will give me an example of what the stakeholders are?
Right, including the wife and children of the project staff.

We said that some projects may take a long time. If your project succeeds, but the programmers of the project become bachelors, the project will still fail, at least not the mad PM.

It is very tiring to reasonably resolve the project stakeholder conflicts, including your managers, your chairman, your customers, and so on. Some of them are useless?

Well, what should you do if your project is not progressing?

Yes, for a meeting, you can find a senior manager to sit in the meeting room. You don't need to talk to him, just let him look at everyone. You will surely think that this guy must be related to the leadership, we should make a good effort in this project, and try again for the next project :)

So in order not to be exhausted, analyze the stakeholders of your project.

Last time, we talked about some basic knowledge, including project management and project management?

How many areas of knowledge do you know about Project Management?
How many process groups do you have in project management?
It reminds us of the bubble mm example, isn't it?

The comparison between old mothers and QA
What we emphasize in a few days is:

What is a project? People often use "time", "resources (or lack of resources)", "some kind of work effort", "deliverables or products", and "integrated engineering ", "lack of authority over other teams" and "budget" to define it. In fact, a project is a unique effort to import or produce a new product or service in accordance with certain specifications and application standards. Such efforts should be completed within the limited time, cost, human resources, financial resources, and other project parameters.

First, let's define a project. What is a project?

According to the pmpbok definition, a project is a process of striving to complete a unique product or provide a unique service within a period of time.
This process is subject to time, manpower, resources, costs, and quality constraints.
The project has several features: 1. Temporary 2. Unique 3. One-time

Which of the following is a project? a hp and Compaq are restructured to restructure HP and Compaq. B. Build a new factory C. Build Roads D. Engineering Materials Procurement e. Development Software Package F. Wedding Ceremony G. Search for bin Laden

Some people say they are looking for bin Laden. Do they say there is a clear end time for finding Bin Laden?
Of course, we can assume that if we cannot find bin Laden for 50 years, the project will end, right?

So today we will not discuss which project it is, and all the problems should be put in a specific environment, otherwise it will be meaningless.

Now you can start to ask questions.

What is WBS?
WBS is a work breakdown structure. It is like a road traffic diagram that guides you from the current position to the desired place. Without it, you may be lost.

How to make a good WBS?
Sometimes there are no examples before accepting a new project, so it is really difficult to use it for reference. because each person has different ideas for solving the problem, there are many different types of people in the same project, because it can be broken down according to the work process or the system theory, but I think there is a very important principle that should be noted, that is, the essence of McKinsey, what they emphasize in their decomposition work is MECE, muturally exclusive, and collectively exhaustive, which is an independent and exhaustive principle, that is, the popular saying: "horizontal to the end, vertical to edge ". If we stick to this principle during decomposition, I think there will be perfect.
In fact, WBS is not the "true pass" of PMI, but is named as WBS by PMI. Sometimes we will solve the problem in a similar way at work, but it is not upgraded to the theoretical level, however, WBS is indeed the core step of doing things.

What do you need to pay attention to when creating a WBS?
Level 1 is usually the same as the project life cycle (such as requirement analysis, design, procurement, construction ......)
Level 1 should be completed before further project Decomposition
Each level of WBS is a segment of the upper level)
A work unit is only related to one upper unit.
The work content of the upper-level unit should be equal to the sum of all its direct lower-level units.
One person is responsible for a work unit
Use the same definition in the entire WBS and the same in the entire Organization
Motivate people to complete the plan by incorporating them into WBS

What is Gantt chart?
1. Activities are displayed in graphs or tables.
2. Now it is a general method for displaying progress.
3. The actual calendar day and duration should be included during the construction. Do not include weekends and holidays in progress

What is risk?

First, ask a question.
In a project, when is the initial and end phases of the project highly risky?
Yes, it is at the beginning, because there are countless uncontrollable factors at the beginning.
At what stage is the loss big?
Yes, at the end, so the two are the opposite/
Therefore, when a project is started, the probability of success is the smallest, and the probability of risk occurrence is the highest. However, once the expected risk occurs, the loss is the smallest.

Think about the many unfinished buildings in Guangzhou and Shenzhen? How much will be lost ???!!!!!

In addition, we need to clarify several definitions:
1 is deterministic. There is a clear possibility that, for example, China and South Korea are in a semi-finals :)
2. Risks. It is a risk prediction that South Korea can win the Chinese team several goals.
3 is unknown. The Chinese and American match is unknown :)