Basic knowledge of computer hardware

1. Computer CPU

The computer CPU is composed of many adder, the adder has the bus connection. The speed of the adder is related to the frequency of the CPU.

2. South Bridge and North Bridge

South Bridge: Is the external slow device data summary of bridges such as display, keyboard, mouse this slow-speed device; southbridge

North Bridge: Is the summary of the external rapid equipment data bridges such as memory, the data of the South Bank after the summary to North Bridge, and then there are direct and CPU communication.

Hardware architecture:

The current mainstream Cpu:arm is a British company designed ARM, but never production, to the production of Qualcomm, Freescale these companies. At present, a lot of mobile phone is the application of arm,arm power saving, small size advantage.

The X86:intel platform is the 32-bit platform. 32-bit is 32-bit parallel communication.

X64:AMD's real 64-bit.

Alpha

Ultrasparc: A high-performance CPU designed by Stanford University. Sun Company's

Power: Higher performance. IBM's first frequency of more than 4GHZ CPU, the current frequency has reached the limit.

m68k: Motorola also produces CPUs.

PowerPC later Apple and IBM Motorola developed a CPU that was nearly as close as power.

Linux now supports all of these CPUs, which is the open source advantage of Linux.

The concept of the operating system:

The CPU can only run one program at a time. But what we're seeing is really like running many programs at the same time. The computer was very fast, but the input and output was slow, so we introduced a multi-tasking concept. We need to remember the data that is running,

And then went into the concept of the process. The memory is segmented inside. virtual address space resolves different address encodings for different processors. In that case, the 32-bit system will only have 4g of memory. So the 32-bit maximum can only have 4 memory. To manage the running time of these programs, start over, start, switch, need a software-this is the operating system. The operating system is the hardware virtualization, the software will not see the computer hardware, but the operating system provided by the interface-system Call. A high-level collection of system interfaces is the library-call. Finally, the need to mix everything together is the shell is human-computer interaction, he has a graphical interface, there are command line.

Basic knowledge of computer hardware