Beginner's Linux-basic knowledge article

1. Linux system architecture

Linux is a set of free-to-use and free-to-propagate Unix-like operating systems, which is an inverted tree structure.

"/" is the top-level directory of the system, called the root directory, "/bin,/root,/home,/etc." These directories are level two directories that are created automatically when the system is installed. Different directories store different files, such as the "/bin" directory used to store system commands, "/root" is the Super User home directory, "/home" for the normal user house directory, "/etc" for most systems management files and so on.

2. Path

In Linux, everything is stored as files in the computer, so to find the files inside Linux, you need to use the path. The path is also divided into absolute and relative paths. Absolute path is the full location of the file in the computer, such as "passwd" configuration file is the absolute path is "/etc/passwd", relative path is the file relative to the current location of a name shorthand, the name does not start with/, and the name will automatically add the PWD display value.

3. Virtual machine

When using a Linux system, the virtual machine software is created to prevent the wrong operation from causing irreparable damage to Linux, or in specific situations. Virtual machines can mimic the real operating system, and there is a focus on the function, so in the process of learning Linux system operations, most of the application is done in the virtual machine.

The virtual machine can be run with the "rht-vmctl start desktop" command, with the "view" command to bring the virtual machine to the desktop, "Staus" can view the virtual machine status, if the error action or special circumstances need to be able to use "Rht-vmctl Reset desktop "Command resets the virtual machine to use the" Rht-vmctl Poweroff desktop "in the real system after the virtual machine is exhausted

4. Initial Entry System

Ordinary users directly click on the user name, enter the password can be entered. If you need Superuser login, click "Not listed" below, enter the super User name and password.

If you need to adjust the language, under "Applications" Select "System Tool", go to "Settings", click "Region & Language", under "language" select the language after the restart takes effect. Special note: After rebooting the system will appear the interface, it is recommended to click on "Keep long file name", otherwise it may cause some files can not find the location.

5. Command operation

5.1. Open Bash

There are two ways to open bash, the most common way is to right click on the mouse click "Open in Terminal", you can also click "Applications" under "Utilities" in the "Terminal" to open bash.

5.2, line prompt

Opening a bash will appear as shown in the line prompt, "root" is the user name that opens bash, "@" is the delimiter, "client" is the host name, "Desktop" is the name of the current working directory, "#" is the Superuser identity prompt, and if it is a normal user, it is "$".

5.3. Input command

The Linux system primarily controls the computer with commands, which must be entered at the line prompt when the command is entered, and note that the command is in the format "command parameter target". CTRL + C clears the command to enter the error or ends the command being executed. If "LS" is the command to execute, "-l" is the parameter, and the target of the command is "file".

5.4. Command Help

Almost all of the commands will have explanations or help. If you are unfamiliar with a command, you can use the "Whatis command" to see a brief introduction, or "command--help" to view command descriptions and parameters, such as viewing the "ls" command. You can also use the "man" command to view a detailed description of the command.

6, some of the use of Linux skills

6.1. tab

In the system table key can automatically complement the existing command, file name and some command parameters, press two times table key to display all the files in the directory, a+table two times, you can view all files beginning with a.

6.2. Switch users

In bash, you can use the "su-username" command to switch users, note that the Super User switch ordinary users do not need a password, switch between ordinary users or switch super users need secret

6.3. Virtual Machine Console

Ctrl+alt+f (2~6) into the Virtual Console no graphics operation, enter the user name and password can be manipulated. Ctrl+alt+f (1|7) returns to the graphical interface.

6.4, the user's logoff in the virtual machine

In the virtual machine, the temporary switch user can be implemented with the "su" command, if you need to log off the current user, you need to enter the "gnome-session-quit--force" command.

6.5. Shutdown and restart

Restart can enter "reboot" or "Shutdown-r Now" command, the shutdown will need to enter "Poweroff" or "Shutdown-h now".

Linux for Beginners-basic knowledge article