Common Linux Commands

	Instructions	Role	Example	Description
	System Management Class commands
1	Cd	Change the current directory	cd/directory/	Converting the specified directory directories
			CD-	Return to last entered directory
			CD ~ or CD	Back to the user's home directory
2	ls (l)	Displays the contents of the current directory or a specified directory	ls/directory/	To display the contents of directory directories
			l/directory/	Displays details about directory directories, relative to Ls-l/directory/
			ls-lh/directory/	Displays detailed information about directory directories and displays them in a human form
3	Mkdir	Create a new directory	Mkdir-p/opt/directory	To create directory directories under/opt/
4	RmDir	Delete Empty Directory	Rmdir/opt/directory	Remove empty directories under/opt/directory
5	Cp	Copy a file or directory	CP File1/dir1/file2	Copy the file file1 to/dir1 and rename it to File2
			Cp-rf/directory1/directory2	Copy all files of directory/directory1 to directory/directory2
6	Mv	Move or rename a file	MV file1/directory1/	Move file file1 under Directory directory
7	Rm	Delete a file or directory	RM file1	Delete files under current directory File1
			rm-rf/tmpdir/	Delete directory Tmpdir and all content
8	Useradd	Add user	useradd-d/home/xxxx xxxx	Add xxxx user, home directory is/home/xxxx
9	Userdel	Delete User	USERDEL-RF username	Force Delete User and delete user's home directory
10	passwd	Set User password	passwd username	Set User password
11	Su	Switch from current user space to other user space	SU username	Switch to other user space
12	Date	Displays or sets the current time of the system	Date	Query system time
			Date [MMDDHHMM[[CC]YY][.SS]]	Setting the system time
13	Hwclock	Display or set hardware time	Hwclock	Query hardware Time
			Hwclock-w	Synchronizing the system clock to the hardware clock
			Hwclock-s	Synchronizing the hardware clock to the system clock
14	Uptime	Displays the time the system is running and the system load	Uptime	Displays the time the system is running and the system load
15	Free	Display system memory Usage	Free	Display system memory Usage
16	Vmstat (virtual memory)	Display Memory statistics	Vmstat	Show statistical results once
			Vmstat A	Show a second display once
			Vmstat a B	Show a second display once, total display B
17	Ps	Show system processes	Ps	Display the currently used shell
			Ps-ef|grep keyword	Checks if a process matching keyword exists
			PS aux	Show all processes for this system
18	Kill	Sends a signal to the specified process	Kill-9 PID	To kill a process with a process ID of PID, first use ps-ef|grep keyword to find the PID of the process you want to kill.
			Kill-l	Displays a list of signals that can be sent
19	Top	Show processes in the system running	Top	Dynamically display part of the process and manage it with a hotkey through the interactive interface it provides
			Top-b	Dynamic display of all processes, not provided interactive interface, can redirect display results
20	Uname	Display System Information	Uname-a	Show all system Information
21st	Hostname	Show/Modify Host name	Hostname	Show host Name
			Hostname name1	Modify Host Name
22	W.H.O.	Show users who are currently logged on to the system	W.H.O.	Displays the user logged on to the system, showing only the user name, logon time, terminal type
			W	Displays the user logged in to the system, displays the user name, logon time, terminal type, CPU usage, current operation, and shows the total system uptime and load conditions
			Who-r	Displays the current RunLevel
23	Last	Displays past and current users logged in to the system	Last	Displays past and current users logged in to the system
24	Halt	Shutting down the system	Sync;halt	Shutting down the system
25	Reboot	Rebooting the system	Sync:sync:reboot	Rebooting the system
26	Poweroff	Shutting down the system	Sync;sync;poweroff	Shutting down the system
27	Shutdown	Restarting or shutting down the system	Sync;sync;shutdown-t 0-h Now	Shut down the system immediately.
			Sync;sync;shutdown-t 0-FR Now	Restart the system now
28	Chkconfig	Check/Set up the system's services	CHKCONFIG-A Service Name	Increase Service
			CHKCONFIG-D Service Name	Delete Service
			Chkconfig-	Enquiry Service
29	Crontab	Query or set system timing tasks	Crontab-e	Edit the user's timer settings
			Crontab-l	List timer settings for this user
30	Dmesg	Query system Boot Information	DMESG >/dir/file	Displays the boot process and kernel output information and redirects to a file
	Storage Management class Commands
31	Fdisk	System Partitioning Operations Tool	Fdisk-l	System Current Partition condition
32	Fsck	File System Repair	Fsck-a	Automatic File system repair
33	Df	File system disk space usage	Df-h	File system disk space usage
34	Mount/umount	Mount/unmount a file system	Mount	Displays the current system mount status
			Mount/dev/sdb/mnt/usb_dir	Mount device/dev/sdb to directory/mnt/usb_dir
			Umount/mnt/usb_dir	Uninstalling/mnt/usb_dir
35	Du	File space usage	Du-a	File space usage
36	Sync	Write memory buffer contents to disk	Sync Sync Init6	Write memory buffer contents to disk before system restart
	Document Processing class commands
37	Stat	View the details of a file	Stat file	View detailed information about the I-node and its structure of a file
38	Cat	View text files	Cat file	View text files
39	Tail	Tail of output file	Tail-f file	Always show file trailing 10 lines when the file keeps increasing
			Tail-n num File	Always show the end of file n lines when the file keeps increasing
40	More (less)	pagination Display of text	More file	Pagination Display file
			xxxxxx | More	Pagination Display file
41	Vi	Text Editor	VI File	Open or create Text
42	Tar	Package a file	TAR-ZCVF xxx.tar.gz XXX	Package and compress files into. gz
43	File	Identify file types	File File1	Identify the type of file and give a hint
44	Diff	Comparison of two file differences	diff File1 File2	Compare the differences between File1 and File2
45	Find	Search for files	Find/Directory name-name file name	Search for files under the specified directory
46	Whereis	Search for files	Whereis file1	Find files with file name File1 in a specific directory
47	chmod	Change file permissions	chmod Permissions File1	Change the permissions of File1
			Chmod-r Permissions Dir1	Change Dir1 and its subdirectory permissions
48	Chown	Change file Owner	Chown main File1	Change the owner of File1
			Chown-r Main Dir1	Change Dir1 and its sub-directory owner
	Network Management class commands
49	Ifconfig	Display or set up network devices	Ifconfig	To view the network card information that has been activated in the system
			Ifconfig-a	View all network card information in the system
			Ifconfig EthX IP	Configuring IP for NIC Ethx
			Ifconfig EthX Down (UP)	To activate (activate) the NIC Ethx
50	Ethtool	Display or change network card settings	Ethtool EthX	View Network Port ETHX settings
			Ethtool-i EthX	View driver version information for the ETHX of the network port
			Ethtool-s EthX Property settings	Changing NIC configuration information
51	Netstat	Show Network Connection parameters	Netstat-rn	To view the routing configuration in the system
			Netstat-an	View all network connectivity conditions in the system
52	Route	Query or set Routing	Route	View the System routing configuration
			Route add default GW 10.85.156.1	Increase routing
			Route Deldefault GW 10.85.156.1	Delete route
53	Ping	Detecting Network Connections	Ping 192.168.1.9	Detecting network connectivity between native and IP-address hosts
54	Ssh	Telnet to a machine	SSH [email protected]_address	Log on to other machines from native SSH
55	Scp	Remote Copy command	SCP A.txt 172.17.128.0:/tmp	Copy files in the current directory on this side file1 to the Dir directory of the host IP address IP
			SCP 172.17.128.0:/tmp/a.txt/tmp	Copy files from the remote/dir2 directory with IP address file2 to the/dir directory on this Side
			SCP 172.17.128.0:/var/log/tmp	Copy all files under the remote/DIR2 directory with IP address IP and its subdirectories to the/dir directory on this Side
	Linux Package Operations
56	Rpm	Package Operation Commands	Rpm	Queries whether the package is installed while querying its installed version.
			Rpm-i scli-1.7.3-32.i386.rpm	Installing the RPM Package
			Rpm-e scli-1.7.3-32.i386.rpm	Uninstalling RPM Packages
	Drive Management
57	Modprobe/insmod (Rmmod)	Load (delete) driver/module	Modprobe LPFC	Load driver/Module
			Insmod Driver (absolute path)	Load driver/Module
			Rmmod Driver	Remove Driver/Module

Common Linux Commands