Common operations for Linux files

Basic operation of Linux files

New file: Touch test does not replace duplicate files, and Linux is all files, folders and files cannot have duplicate names

New folder: MkDir test
Using the-p parameter to create the parent directory at the same time (if the parent directory does not exist), we create a multilevel directory at the same time (this is useful when installing the software, configuring the installation path):
Mkdir-p Father/son/grandson

Copy file CP Test Father/son/grandson
Copy folder: Cp-r Father family must add parameter-r

Delete File: RM Test If the file is read-only, there is a hint, add parameter-F to rm-f test
Delete directory: Rm-r family

Moving files: MV file1 docments
Mobile directory: MV Dir1 DIR2
If the directory Dir2 does not exist, rename the directory Dir1 to Dir2; otherwise, move Dir1 to Dir2.

Renaming: MV File1 newfilename

Linux modifies file owners and permissions

Modify file owner: sudo chown Shiyanlou fileName

Modify Permissions:
Method One: chmod the number of permissions for the FileName 421
Method Two: chmod go-rw fileName
G, O and U represent group, others, and user, respectively,
+ and-each means adding and removing the appropriate permissions
R W x read, write, execute permissions

Linux Viewing files

viewing files using the CAT,TAC and NL commands
The cat is a positive sequence display, and the TAC is displayed in reverse order.
NL command, add line number and print, this is a more professional line number than cat-n Print command.

Paging through files using the more and less commands
Inside the man manual is the less used to display the content. The more commands are simpler and can only scroll in one direction, and less is based on more and VI (a powerful editor, we have a separate course to let you learn) and more powerful.

More passwd passing next line, Sapce next screen h help Q quit
Less passwd in VI mode

Viewing files using the head and tail commands
View only the first few lines of the file (the default is 10 lines, less than 10 lines show all), and the tail lines.
tail/etc/passwd
Even more directly look at a line, plus the-n parameter, followed by the number of rows:
Tail-n 1/etc/passwd

About the tail command, have to mention that it is a very good parameter-F, this parameter can be implemented to read the contents of a file and display. This allows us to dynamically view the logs to achieve real-time monitoring purposes.

Linux Comparison file differences

$ env|sort>env.txt
$ export|sort>export.txt
$ set|sort>set.txt
This action outputs the command output through the pipeline | Use the sort command to sort and then redirect to the object text file.

$ Vimdiff env.txt export.txt set.txt

Linux viewing file types

The types of files in Linux are not judged by file suffixes, and we typically use the file command to view the type of the files:
File/bin/ls

Linux Search files

Whereis,which,find and locate

Whereis Simple and fast
$whereis who

Locate Fast and full
Through the "/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db" Database lookup, but this database is not updated in real-time, the system will use scheduled tasks to automatically perform the UpdateDB command update once a day, so sometimes you just add the file, it may not be found, The UpdateDB command needs to be executed manually once (the command must be executed first in our environment). It can be used to find different file types under the specified directory, such as finding all files that start with SH under/etc:
$ locate/etc/sh
Find all JPG files under/usr/share/:
$ locate/usr/share/\*.jpg

which small and fine
Which itself is a shell built-in command, and we typically use which to determine if a specified software is installed because it only searches for the command from the path specified by the PATH environment variable:
$ which man

Find fine and fine
Find should be the most powerful of these commands, not only can be found by file type, file name and can be based on the properties of the file (such as the file's timestamp, file permissions, etc.) to search. The Find command is powerful to understand that you need at least a few separate lessons, and we'll cover only a few of the things that are commonly used here.
This command means to go to the/etc/directory and search for a file or directory named interfaces. This is the most common format for the Find command, so remember that the first parameter of find is the place to search:
$ sudo find/etc/-name interfaces

Common operations for Linux files