Configuring VLAN resolution in ESXi

When you configure VLANs in a virtualized environment, you need to understand the differences between VLANs and virtual VLANs on the physical switch to better configure the network.

First look at the link type on the physical switch.

Three types of links on the upper port of the switch: Access, trunk, Hybird.

A port of type access can only belong to 1 VLANs and is typically used to connect to a computer's port;
Trunk type port can allow multiple VLANs through, can receive and send multiple VLAN of the message, generally used for the connection between the switch port;
Hybrid type of port can allow multiple VLANs through, can receive and send multiple VLANs of the message, can be used to connect between switches, can also be used to connect the user's computer.
The hybrid port and trunk ports are handled the same way when they receive data, except when sending data: The hybrid port allows multiple VLANs to be sent without a label, while the trunk port allows only the default VLAN messages to be sent without tagging.
Default VLAN:
The access port belongs to only 1 VLANs, so its default VLAN is its VLAN, not set, and the hybrid port and trunk port belong to multiple VLANs, so you need to set the default VLAN ID. By default, the default VLAN for the hybrid port and trunk port is VLAN 1;
If the default VLAN ID of the port is set, when the port receives a message without VLAN tag, the message is forwarded to the port belonging to the default VLAN, and when the port sends a message with VLAN tag, if the VLAN ID of the message is the same as the port default VLAN ID, The system will remove the VLAN Tag of the message and then send the message.

Note: For the Huawei switch default VLAN is called "Pvid VLAN", for Cisco switch default VLAN is called "Native VLAN"

The following figure is a list of VLAN forwarding rules

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Let's look at the VLAN configuration on the exsi.

With virtual LANs (VLANs), a single physical LAN segment can be further segmented so that the port groups are isolated from each other as if they were on different physical segments. You can configure VLANs in ESXi using the following three methods: External switch flag (EST), Virtual Switch token (VST), and virtual client token (VGT).

When using EST, all VLAN tokens for packets are executed on the physical switch. To access the ports on the physical switch, the host network adapter is connected. The port group that is connected to the virtual switch must have its VLAN ID set to 0. VLANs are not required on exsi machines.

With VST, all VLAN tokens of the packet are executed by the virtual switch before the packet leaves the host. The host network adapter must be connected to a trunk port on the physical switch. The port group that is connected to the virtual switch must have the appropriate VLAN ID specified.

When using VGT, all VLAN tokens are performed by the virtual machine. VLAN tags are preserved between the virtual machine network stack and the external switch when frames are passed in and out of the virtual switch. The physical switch port is set to the trunk port.

Note: When using VGT, the 802.1Q VLAN relay driver must be installed on the virtual machine.

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Configuring VLAN resolution in ESXi