Excerpt from Western Philosophy notes < a >

The long-term validity of dialectical logic lies in its primitive simplicity. For example, Hegel once said: "Every moment of life, is born, but also death." To discuss the problem in such a vague way, you can think that you already know the whole truth about life, but you never know what the nature of life is. However, readers must note that the more low-end logic or the lower the perception of the way, the more effective and more of the perceptual way of being mobilized. dialectics is most often used, because it is the lowest-end logic, but also is the lowest-end logic, it is the most effective logic. Swedish scientists have done a study to make a group of math and physics professors with strong logical thinking abilities, and a group of ordinary people with moderate literacy, mostly housewives, to judge the 100 medium-difficulty problems. All our knowledge is ultimately judged by the logic of the meaning of judgment, please refer to the Book of Philosophy. The result is that the right rate for the taproot is about 30%, and the low-intelligence group has a correct rate of about 70%. This shows that in the face of relatively simple problems, the transfer of high-end logic will confuse the mind.
Hegel later the system of Dialectics, and praised Lao Tzu for this, but too late, too rough. The contradiction between metaphysics and dialectics is the wrong that Hegel did, and Marx inherited the limited way that Hegel discussed the problem out of the thrall to Hegel. Hegel believed that the previous philosophy was a static view of the problem, and his philosophy is to see the problem in a dynamic way, so he used the dialectical method, and he is the only one in the logic of Dialectics on the division and Analysis of the people. Hegel denies the logic and rationality outside the dialectical logic, and the philosophy that previously did not use dialectics as a way of looking at the problem was called metaphysics. Kant represents the peak of Western classical philosophy, and Hegel's dialectical logic and even his philosophy are quite substandard.

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Hegel put forward the dialectical law originates from Kant's question. Kant found that knowledge--that is, less than rational perception is the most effective way of perceiving, because if the use of high-end rationality, it will bring paradox. Kant gave this paradox a special name, called . In other words, the use of logic to the extreme will certainly bring contradictions. For example, it is right to say that time has a starting point, because we cannot imagine the time that can be infinitely retroactive, but it is right to say that time does not begin, because we cannot imagine the beginning of time. These two points, in the logic of the ultimate is right, are set up, and are flawed, the two constitute a contradiction who can not dissolve who. Again, for example, the world has boundaries and the world has no boundaries, in the logic of the end, both of the statements are established, but there are flaws. We know today Einstein's doctrine that the universe is finite, called finite unbounded. You can read a little Einstein's theory of relativity, you have to understand that philosophy must understand the natural sciences. Einstein's Limited universe is a model of physics that does not answer a question of what is outside this finite universe. Einstein thought that the question could not be answered in physics. Because space itself is the material itself created, and 13.7 billion years ago, the universe did not appear before, no matter there is no time and space. Time and space occur as the process of transforming energy into quality. From the physical logic, this statement is established in modern cosmology. But it does not solve the philosophical problem of applying rationality to the extreme. Therefore, Kant proposed that the rational use of extreme this point must occur paradox is irrefutable.

As a result, there is the question of how to resolve this paradox. For this problem, Hegel established his philosophical system. Hegel only used a cunning dialectical logic, his purpose is not to discuss the dialectical law, but to discuss the ultimate rationality-the absolute idea. This is the true goal of Hegel's philosophy, the dialectical law is only a tool he used, and very poor. One of the most famous modern logic founders, Russell, in his book of Western Philosophical History, gave the black man a Comment: "Hegel's philosophy is almost all wrong." There is also a more virulent assessment, which should be said, suggesting that commentators have yet to understand what Hegel has done. Caird's "Hegel" said he was "bold and presumptuous to put forward completely is a nonsense of things, not a virgin, the words of the various magic potion mixed together, originally only in the mental hospital to appear, and ultimately in Hegel reached the limit of the realm, but also has become the most shameless, Completely mystification tools, and as a result, these seem to have been regarded as the Germans ' clumsy, foolish, ridiculous markings. After Hegel's book into print without, he complained, "there is only one person who understands his work, and even this person does not understand it." "Some people say that Hegel is the end of philosophy, this is good." Because Hegel did fill up all the flaws in the traditional philosophy of the classics, and accordingly, he also exposed the deep deficiencies of the previous philosophy:
That is, he cannot explain why the logic itself exists (so he has to invoking an arbitrary "absolute assumption"), and, accordingly, he cannot really explain how logic itself exists (so he has to invoking the stale "dialectical Method"). (The General Theory of Things, Volume One, chapter III)
"Hegel in the" Small logic "in the introduction of the book also has this sigh, but relatively speaking, his logical starting point is relatively easy to find some, because the starting point can be directly" assumed "as the logic itself, so his logical system (that is, his philosophy system) is a complex of the same language repeated, Like someone asked: "What is the Spirit?" Answer: The spirit is "spirit" (so-called "absolute spirit" or "absolute idea" is also). For this reason, Hegel must set his starting point (and end) as "absolute", and for this reason, Hegel must also make the "infinite" curse, which the limited existence cannot directly reach, as "infinite of Evil". Fortunately, Hegel himself admits that he is just constantly in the loop, but regardless of the "countless small circle formed by the big Circle" how to "self-circle", "circle" itself is a limited existence of the realization of self-survival is a necessary and not to be pursued, and, "round" itself is still a finite model that Einstein calls finite unbounded. In other words, Hegel's success lies in his inadvertent proof of the finite structural state of the dialectical logic itself, as if Einstein had intended to prove that the universe itself is a finite and unbounded relative existence. (The General Theory of Things, Volume One, chapter II)

Summing up two points: first, the dialectical logic is the lowest stage of human rational logic , and second, the dialectical logic is the most used logical form in daily life, precisely because it is low-end logic, because we are faced with simple problems in our daily life. in short, the dialectical logic is low-level and has a lasting effect, high-end problems to deal with the need for high-end rational logic of the advent. Here to add a comment on the "methodology" this statement. This claim is brought in from Marx, which is rooted in our belief that the method of thinking can be chosen. But readers should be very careful, our way of thinking is not optional. such as Lao Tzu, Heraclitus, Plato, such as the great Zhe, then the most intelligent people, can only use dialectical logic, because the human mind at that time only dialectical logic. In other words, you do not face the problem of exceeding the dialectical logic, and the new logical form will not derive. If you are faced with that problem, even if you have not learned it, you will not use dialectical logic, you will inevitably use high-end logic. Modern scientists study modern science, do not use the dialectical method, but scientists do not need to learn modern logic, as long as he faces such a complex problem, he will inevitably use high-end logic rather than dialectical logic. For example A, B, but he would not put everything in B, he would put non-A to B, and then C, D, E "" and he will take a look at the relationship from B to C to D to E, and accurately measure and grasp its qualitative and quantitative relationship, this is called modern logic. These are not the logic of their own choice, but the face of complex problems must be taken, and the dialectical logic discarded. In turn, even if you are familiar with high-end logic, and when you are faced with simple problems, you must use dialectical logic, because the more low-end logic is more effective. This is the reason why dialectics is used most widely. Because of the things we encounter everyday, very complex need to mobilize high-end logic of things very little, that is, the need to use mathematical calculations are very few, we have not met a few times in our lifetime, most of our life and work problems are simple problems, so we usually stay on the use of dialectical logic, But this is not a sign that the dialectical logic is high-end logic, but precisely that it is the lowest-end logic. So Hegel said a word, logic you do not know it, does not prevent you from using it. He cited an example of an academically-refined psychologist who did not know how to control the peristalsis of the esophagus. Similarly, people who have not studied physiology are not going to eat. So the theory of methodology is not tenable.

Excerpt from Western Philosophy notes < a >