Experimental 0-operating system

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;
2. Classification of operating systems;
3. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems; linux,windows

three , experimental Expand Thinking

(1)        operating system (Operating system, OS) is the entire hardware resource of the management computer system including software resources and data resources. , control program operation, improve human-machine interface, support other application software, and so on, so that all the resources of computer system to maximize the role, to provide users with convenient, effective and friendly service interface. The operating system is usually the closest to the hardware of a layer of system software, it is the hardware to transform the bare metal into a fully functional virtual machine, making the use and management of computer systems more convenient, more efficient use of computing resources, the upper layer of the application can be more than the hardware provides more support. The operating system is a large management control program, which roughly includes 5 management functions: Process and processor management, job management, storage management, device management, file management. There are DOS, OS/2, UNIX, Xenix, LINUX, Windows2000, NetWare and so on, which are common on microcomputer. Computer resources can be divided into two major categories: hardware resources and software resources. Hardware resources are hard devices that compose a computer, such as a central processor, main memory, tape storage, printer, display, keyboard input devices, etc. Software resources mainly refers to the various data and programs stored in the computer. The hardware resources and software resources of the system are assigned and dispatched by the operating system according to the user's requirement. The processor management of the operating system assigns the processor alternately to programs that are waiting to run within the system according to certain policies. The operating system's device management is responsible for allocating and reclaiming external devices, as well as controlling external devices to operate according to user program requirements. The file management of the operating system provides users with the ability to create files, undo files, read and write files, and open and close files. The storage management function of the operating system is to manage memory resources. The main implementation of memory allocation and recovery, storage protection and memory expansion. Operating system's job management function is to provide users with a good environment to use the system, so that users can effectively organize their own workflow, and make the whole system to run efficiently.

(2) The History of DOS (disk Operating system, and disks operating system) dates back to 1981, when IBM developed IBM-PC on the basis of 8086, but was embarrassed by the operating system used by the PC, and finally IBM selected three operating systems, cp/ M-86, P-system, and MS-DOS 1.0,ms-dos 1.0 include a copy, DIR, Format command, which also introduces batch file interpreters, and finally dos defeats the other two operating systems, becoming the mainstream operating system of the PC.

1983 IBM preinstalled The MS-DOS 2.0,dos2.0 with a new hierarchical file system (tree directory structure) and an installable device driver (SYS file) in its ibm-pc/xt, which replaces the file control block with the file handle (filename Handle) ( File Control Block) to open files; DOS 2.0 also has a host DOS program for the first time: print.com, resulting in a DOS TSR program (memory resident program). The DOS 2.0 can support the XT drive, although it is only 10M.

   Windows System release schedule 1985.11 Microsoft company launches Windows 1.0. 1988.10 of the employed David Cutler started NT development work with his previous digital colleagues. 1989.6 the project team led by Chuk Whitmer started working on the graphics of NT. Initially, the project team tried to write code using C + +, but later, for performance reasons, some of the code was written using C. The first system completed by the 1989.7 NT project team was first run with the Intel i860 processor. 1990.1 Bill Gates focuses the main designers on the importance of running NT on Intel's 386+ processor and selects a new RISC processor from a non-Intel i860. One months later, the first NT specialized test project team was formed. 1990.5 Windows 3.0 released. The code name is Chicago, which has an enhanced Program Manager and icon system, a new file manager that supports 16 colors, and runs better and faster. This year, the software sold 3 million sets. 1991.5 Microsoft Corporation exposes some details of NT to its collaborators. 1992.4 Windows 3.1 released. In the first two months, the software sold 3 million sets, until 1995, when Windows 95 replaced it, and it kept the first operating system. 1992.10 introduced the first beta version of NT. 1992.11 the first WIN32 Software Development Kit release for Windows NT. 1993.8 Windows NT 3.1 was eventually released. 1993.10 Microsoft released the first patch (Service Pack) for NT 3.1, which fixed more than 90 errors. 1993.12 Motorola and Microsoft Inc. announced the introduction of Windows NT into the PowerPC platform. 1994.8 NT first release upgrade version (NT 3.5). The first version of Office for Windows NT contains the 32-bit version of Word and Excel. At the same time, BackOffice was released. 1995.2 the first PowerPC system running NT is launched. 1995.5 Microsoft announced a small but important upgrade (3.51) to allow NT to be compatible with upcoming applications designed specifically for Windows 95, which surprised users. 1995.8 Windows 95 is released, this is the first version of Windows that does not require MS-DOS and is viewedUser interface is a fairly friendly operating system. It contains an integrated TCP/IP stack, a dial-up network, and long file name support. 1996.8 Windows NT 4 is released with a shell similar to the new 95. 1996.9 Microsoft announces that 64-bit support will be added to the special version of NT 5.0. 1996.10 Microsoft announces that NT support on PowerPC will be canceled, leaving only Alpha and x86 as the only remaining option. 1997.9 Microsoft Corporation has the first beta version of NT 5.0 in the PDC. 1998.6 Windows 98 released. The latest version of Windows based on the MS-DOS kernel has IE 4 built in. 1999.4 Windows 3 Beta release. 1999.11 Windows Release Candidate 3 (RC3) was released in the United States. 2000.2.17 the release date of the final version of Windows 2000. 2000.3.20 release date for Windows 2000 in China. 2000.10 Microsoft has released a home-facing windows Me. 2001.10.25 Windows XP released. 2003.11 Windows2003 family released.

(3) What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

Mobile operating System

(4) The advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems; linux,windows

In general, it is divided into several points:

1. Linux is faster and more secure than Windows.
2. There are many software that can only be run in Windows, and Linux-compatible software is under development.
3. Linux is available on the network side.
4. Linux is a complex operation, and Windows is relatively simple.

　　

The difference between Linux and Windows is that, like Linux, the Windows family is a fully multitasking operating system. They support the same user interface, network, and security.

But the real difference between Linux and Windows is that Linux is actually a version of UNIX, and the contribution from UNIX is huge.

Experimental 0-operating system