FAQs about Web Development

First of all, I declare that this original post is my experience. I have summarized some technical issues in the Web development process (the interviewer's role). If something is wrong, please criticize and correct it.

The problem is as follows: (the order is messy, hope haihan)

1. What is the layer-3 system in Web development? What technologies are used in different layers?
2. What is the relationship between JavaScript and Java? What are the characteristics of their respective languages?
3. What is CSS and its usefulness?
4. Do you know about Web2.0? What are the core technologies?
5. What are the advantages of object-oriented programming compared with process-oriented programming? What are the characteristics of process orientation?
6. What is XML Web Service? What is the function?
7. What is the difference between XML and HTML?
8. What are the phases of software processes? What are the characteristics of their respective processes?
9. What do you think of software testing? How often are software testing divided into several processes?
10. What does a test case contain? How to design good test cases?
11. What are the components of the structured query language?
12. What is a stored procedure? Trigger? View? Function? Transaction?
13. Are you familiar with concurrent database processing?
14. How many common data protection methods are available?
15. What is Orm? Which types of common ORM architectures are available?
16. What is UML? What do we think about the RUP and XP?

Answer (purely personal understanding, may be more messy ):

1. Three-tier system: User Interface Layer (UI), business logic layer (BLL), and data access layer (DAL ). The first is the architecture requirements of the pattern (BS), because the Internet is very developed now. In addition, it is easy to manage and can be developed and managed separately. In addition, the coupling between layers is relatively small, so that the mutual dependence is small. In addition, it is convenient for teams to develop. Different modules can be divided into different professional teams. The front-end can be staffed by specialized artists (involving colors and animations ); the business logic layer is implemented by the encoding staff and the dal is performed by the database experts. Of course.

2. JavaScript and Java are two completely different languages. The processing syntax is similar, and there is no connection between them. Do not mistakenly think of the correlation between the two. Java is object-oriented. Same as C. Javascript is a scripting language that is interpreted and executed by the browser. It is a non-typed language (you can also use professional terms to say: it is a non-strong language ). In web development, Java often implements intermediate logic. Javascript is a front-end interface technology.

3. CSS is short for Cascading Style Sheet. It is mainly used to set the layout of pages and the style of page elements. Batch settings can be implemented to ensure a uniform style of the Web interface. In web development, CSS is often written into a separate file. You can also use style labels to write them in HTML. In the CSS file, you can set the inherent HTML tags or customize the class, and then reference it through the class.

4. Web2.0: Ajax technology is mainly used in Web development. Enhances user experience. The core of Ajax technology is CSS. Javascript. Dom. XMLHttpRequest ). Pages developed using Ajax do not need to submit the entire page to the server during interaction, but only asynchronously submit some of the data, ensuring quick response to user requests. Remember that AJAX is a client technology. In addition, the. NET Framework (integrated with vs2005) is Atlas.

5. This problem is actually an old problem. It is the transformation of programming ideas, from the original structured program design to the data-centric program design ideas, which I have introduced in my previous articles and will not write more. Oo is characterized by conforming to people's habits of thinking. Describes the logic object of the entire programming through attributes and methods. Implements encapsulation and code reuse (Inheritance and polymorphism mechanisms ).

6. XML Web Service represents a component-oriented programming mode. Or regard the functions provided by the software as a service. Haha. There are many advantages. Because XML is a common network description language, service component development can easily link two heterogeneous platforms (whether logical or background data, in addition, they can maintain their own independence. As long as the service interface is exposed, others can find you through UDDI or disco, and then conveniently use the services you provide (rather than all the functions are implemented by yourself, this is unrealistic ).

7. This is also an old topic: HTML is a text modifier language with fixed modifiers and defined tags. XML is a text description language, and its label is extensible ). Describes the data. Is hierarchical. Unlike relational databases, the current advanced languages all integrate APIs for converting relational data to hierarchical data (XML text data. to apply XML on the network, you must define the XML schema (that is, the tag used in the XML file ). In addition, it must be transmitted along with the XML mode and data during transmission. In this way, when the receiving end receives XML data, it can read and verify the data in the mode for further data processing.

8. Software Engineering: organize software development from the engineering perspective. It is usually divided into several stages: Analysis (Demand Analysis), design (Outline Design and detailed design), implementation (coding), testing and maintenance. The requirement analysis cannot change frequently. Otherwise, the project may fail to a large extent. The outline design is for the user, and the detailed design is for the coding personnel. The code must comply with industry standards. Maintenance starts at the analysis design stage. During maintenance, you often need to refer to the documents left behind in the previous phases. If there are no documents in the previous phases. I believe you are about to break your head.

9. software testing is essential to ensure software reliability. The testing method is divided into white box testing and black box testing. Unit Testing, integration testing, performance testing, and rollback testing are available based on the test implementation stage. Software testing is often divided into several stages: developing test plans, designing test cases, implementing testing, bug tracking, and defect report review.

10. Test Case: The data used in the test (the input used in the test) and the output result (compared with the assertions ). There are several ways to design a test case: Division of equivalence classes. You must understand that you must design data that meets the needs of the Program for testing, and enter data that does not meet the needs of the Program for testing. A good test case is determined by checking whether an error has never been found.

11. Structured Query Language is a so-called structure query language. It is usually composed of three parts: DCL (Data Control), DDL (data definition), and DML (data operation. DCL is used for data authorization control, DDL is used for data definition, and DML user data operations (crud, etc ).

12. Stored Procedure: encapsulates SQL statements and compiles them at a time. Trigger: It is a special type of stored procedure, but the trigger is automatically executed according to the setting conditions. It is often used to ensure data integrity. View: a virtual table, where fields can be obtained from multiple tables. Function: the data processing process. It is used for the design and development of common modules. Transaction: the atomic unit of execution. It cannot be interrupted. Either the execution is successful or the transaction is rolled back to the start point.

13. Concurrent database processing: It is how to access the same data at the same time. Locks and queues are usually used.

14. Method: Perform regular backup at the database level. In addition, dual-Machine backup is guaranteed to run. Another advanced level is remote dual-host backup. Of course, firewall is essential.

15. What is Orm? Which types of common ORM architectures are available?
Orm is object relation mapping ). A process of converting relational data into Object-oriented Data for processing. This is to prevent you from seeing a large number of SQL statements at the logic layer. Data in relational databases (often in tables) is converted into mapping (via XML files) and directly operated in an object-oriented language, this avoids SQL. common ORM frameworks include hibernate in Java .. . Net.

16. UML is the abbreviation of a unified modeling language. UML is an object-oriented modeling language. RUP focuses on iteration. The entire project is developed through multiple iterations (each stage ). It is often applicable to large projects. XP emphasizes cooperation and efficiency. Test-first and pair-based development are both distinctive. However, developers are required to have a high quality and more advocating human-oriented development.

Note: There may still be many problems. I didn't expect them. The level is limited. Please add them.