Operating system overview and development history

First, operating system overview

The computer consists of CPU, memory, hard disk, motherboard, input/output device and other hardware.

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The shell is a special application that provides a portal for users to interact with the system.

The shell is divided into two categories:

GUI (Graphical User Interface), such as Gnome, KDE, XFCE, windows, etc.;

CLI (Command line Interface), such as SH, bash, ksh, cmd, etc.

Second, the operating system history

Earlier operating systems were batch systems such as job1$$$ $job 2$$$ $job 3$$$ ...

GE, Bell Labs, MIT joint development of multi-user, multi-tasking operating system, named Multics, in the late phase of the project has basically completed multi-user, multi-tasking function, but due to the early lack of management of the project, the institutions have withdrawn.

Ken Thompson of Bell Lab developed a game called "star Travell" on Multics, and he was unable to continue using Multics due to the exit of Bell Labs. So he imitated Multics, and combined his understanding, developed UNICs, later renamed UNIX.

Bell Lab's Dennis Ritchie, on the basis of B language, introduced variables, pointers and so on, developed C language, and Ken Thompson rewrite Unix, solve the problem of portability.

Bill Joy established BSRG (Berkeley System Research Group), researched the UNIX source code obtained from Bell Labs, developed related drivers and peripherals, packaged releases, BSD (Berkeley system Distribution), followed by OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD and other branches.

The Bell Lab spun off from at-the-the-moment and urgently commercialized Unix with BSD.

Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a professor of the Netherlands, developed a minix based on the understanding of Unix, because of the inability of UNIX to continue using it commercially.

Linus Torvalds of the University of Helsinki, Finland, developed the Linux kernel due to the transplant of Minix.

Richard Stallman, the launch of the free software movement in the programming world, established GNU (GNU is not Unix), and all software that joined the GPL (general public License) was free software. GNU provides a large number of software, such as Emacs, GCC, and so on.

The Linux kernel, in conjunction with the GNU-provided peripheral tools software, consists of the Linux operating system, called Gnu/linux.

Since the Linux kernel and GNU software provide the source code, the user to use Linux, must be compiled and installed, so vendors for each platform to compile, the common distribution is: Redhat, CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu, SuSE and the second release version.

Operating system overview and development history