Operating System Principle 1-Concept

To learn about the operating system, we should first understand the concept of the operating system. This chapter focuses on the following issues.
1. What is an operating system?

Ii. operating system formation

Iii. Operating System Types

Iv. Operating System Functions

1. What is an operating system?

Before answering this question, let's take a look at what a computer system is. A computer system receives and stores information as required by users, automatically processes data, and outputs result information.

A computer system consists of a hardware system and a software system. Software and Hardware systems constitute the resources of computer systems. Different users need to occupy system resources and have different control requirements when using computers.

An operating system is a kind of system software for computer systems. It manages the resources and control of computer systems in a unified manner.Program.

The first objective of the operating system design is to make the computer system easy to use. Second, make the computer system work efficiently.

Ii. operating system formation

In the early days, there was no operating system → the original assembly system → the management program → the operating system. We can see that the operating system was formed with the development of computer hardware and application requirements.

Iii. Operating System Types

According to the services provided by the operating system, the operating system can be divided into the following categories:

Batch Processing operating system, time-based operating system, real-time operating system, network operating system, and distributed operating system. The batch processing operating system, time-based operating system, and real-time operating system are basic operating systems (highlighted)

1. The batch processing operating system controls the execution of jobs according to the user's pre-defined steps to automate computer operations. It can also be divided into batch processing single-channel system and batch processing multi-channel system. In a single system, only one job is loaded into the primary memory of the computer system. Multiple jobs can be loaded automatically and sequentially. Multi-channel batch processing systems allow multiple jobs to be stored in the primary storage at the same time. The central processor executes each job in turn, and each job can use its own peripheral devices at the same time, in this way, the resources of the computer system can be fully utilized to shorten the job time and improve the system throughput.

2. Time-sharing operating system. In this system, a computer system is connected to many terminal devices. The time-sharing system supports multiple end users and uses the computer system in interactive mode, it provides users with flexibility in testing, modifying, and controlling program execution. The main characteristics of a time-based system are the synchronization, independence, timeliness and interactivity.

3. The real-time operating system allows the computer system to process external signals in a timely manner, complete processing within the specified time, and provide feedback signals. It is a monitoring and control system with few human intervention. Real-time systems require extremely high reliability and security, and do not require the utilization of system resources.

4. The network operating system can combine several computers to achieve communication between each computer and share various resources in the network, such as Windows, UNIX, Linux, and other operating systems are network operating systems.

5. There are no primary or secondary computers in the distributed operating system network. Information exchange and resource sharing can be performed between any two computers. In this regard, the distributed operating system is not much different from the network operating system. The essential difference is that the distributed operating system allows several computers in the system to collaborate to complete a common task. This makes each computer a complete and powerful computer system.

Iv. Operating System Functions

From the perspective of resource management, the operating system functions can be divided into five parts: processor management, storage management, file management, device management, and job management.