Glossary of digital cameras

Aperture:
The English name of the aperture is aperture. the aperture is also called the speed of the lens and the sensitivity of the camera. It is generally expressed in uppercase.
It refers to the relative aperture of the lens, not the absolute diameter, so it is easy to misunderstand that the larger the F value, the larger the aperture. In fact, the smaller the value, the larger the aperture.
Aperture f = focal length of the lens/diameter of the lens diameter
The important thing to remember is that any two lenses, as long as they set the same F value, will transmit the same amount of light. For example, if two different lenses are set to f/2.8 and aligned with the same scene, if the other conditions are the same, the same amount of light will reach the film through the lens.
Generally, the shorter the lens focal length, the larger the aperture (the smaller the F value); the longer the focal length, the smaller the aperture. Generally, a variable (more than 5 times) lens is not easy to achieve the same aperture as the short focal end (this is called a constant large aperture ), most camera lenses have a large aperture in the short focal length, and the maximum aperture decreases in the long focal length. Generally, a very advanced camera lens can have a large aperture at the focal point, making it even harder to have a constant large aperture. The FZ Series cameras are used for constant large aperture (f2.8 ).
Note: Generally, the aperture is surrounded by plastic blades. The larger the center opens, the stronger the incoming light (which does not affect the imaging angle). Therefore, when switching the aperture, the motor directs blade opening and closing. Will make a click. The better the lens, the more Aperture control blades. The fz20 uses six blades to control the aperture. This is a good shot to use so many blades. Take a closer look at the lens and you will see the blade of the aperture. The smaller the F value of the aperture, the more open the blades.

Focal Length:
I do not know the English name of the focal length. Generally, we use lowercase F for representation. For example, F = 50mm, that is, the focal length of the lens is 50mm; F = 36-432mm, that is to say, the focal length of the lens is 36-432; F = 100mm, and the focal length is twice that of f = 50mm. This computation is simple. Dividing the longest focal length by the shortest focal length can result in an optical multiplier of the lens. For example: 432mm/36mm = 12, then the lens is scaled by 12 times.
The focal length is easy to understand. We all know that the longer the focal length, the larger the object to be taken. The shorter the focal length, the smaller the object to be taken. That is, the longer the focal length, the smaller the field of view angle. The shorter the focal length, the larger the field of view angle.
The accurate definition of focal length is that the focal length of a lens is the distance from the center of the lens to the clear image formed on the film plane. As you can imagine, the longer the distance, the smaller the lens diameter, and the smaller the angle of the object. And vice versa.
We often see this saying: Taking fz20 as an example: the lens focal length is 6mm-72mm, which is equivalent to 36-35mm mm of the 432 camera. What is this?
To put it simply: for a film (film) camera we used in the past, the diagonal length of the film is 35mm. In the past, the 20mm lens of the film camera can be called a fish eye lens (the angle is very large, the lens is like a fish eye.) Our current camera's shortest focal length is already 6mm. Isn't it a larger angle? In fact, the focal length is closely related to the imaging area. The imaging angle varies with the focal length and imaging area. With the same focal length, the smaller the imaging area, the smaller the field of view, and vice versa.
We use the FZ Series, with an imaging area of 1/2. 5 inch. The imaging area is very small compared to 35mm films. Therefore, the focal length of 6mm is equivalent to 36mm of the 35mm camera.
The fz10 mark is 35-420mm, which is a nominal difference. The lenses are 6mm-72mm and the imaging area is 1/2mm. 5 inch, so the focal length relative to the 35mm camera should be 36-432mm.

White Balance:
White Balance is a term we often talk about. Let's talk about white balance.
White Balance is the restoration of the color of the camera to the white objects. Generally, no matter how the light source is, we need to display the white and colored colors in white. If a white object is a bit yellow, we will say that the white balance of this photo is incorrect. Sometimes, the white balance of this camera is poor. Sometimes we need to create a white balance deviation effect to achieve the information to be expressed in the photo. At this time, we will intentionally adjust the white balance.
To make the white balance accurate, we sometimes need to manually white the camera (I won't, I won't talk about it here, let DX say ).
White Balance includes manual white balance and Automatic white balance. The Automatic white balance can basically meet the general shooting needs. Of course, it is better to adjust the white balance on the evening and cloudy days, which is more accurate than the automatic white balance.
In order to better understand the white balance, we also need to know a concept, color temperature.

Color temperature:
The so-called color temperature refers to the quantitative expression of color with the kervin temperature. We use K for representation. This temperature is not the temperature of boiling water, or the temperature of the temperature when the fever occurs. It is an international expression. I don't understand it, so I won't show it ugly.
My understanding is: the higher the color temperature, the colder the color. We call it a cool color. Do you feel cool in a room filled with blue? The lower the color temperature, the warmer the color. Is it warm if the room is filled with red and yellow?
What's more, the warmer the color, the lower the color temperature, and the colder the color, the higher the color temperature.
General color temperature of the light source: (this is copied, I added the brackets)
Candle 2000 K
Tungsten lamps (commonly known as incandescent bulbs) 2500-3200 K
Carbon rod light (I don't know what it looks like) 4000-5500 K
Fluorescent lamps (commonly known as fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps also belong to this type) 4500-6500 K
Daylight average (that is, sunlight, right ?) 5400 K
Daylight in cloud weather (that is, cloudy weather) 6500-7000 K
Cloudy daylight 12000-18000 K
The calculation method of the color ratio is to mark the blacklist) after a certain color light is generated, the Gini coefficient plus 273 is the color quality of the color light. For example, when the amount of light used by the shadow is 3200 kb, It is the light that occurs when the standard black body is added to the first 2927 degrees.

Shutter:
Shutter, as its name implies ........ I'm not talking about it anymore.
Shutter usually refers to the exposure time, and sometimes 1/125 seconds shutter is also said to expose 1/125 seconds.
The shutter is used to release the light from the lens to the photosensitive material or photosensitive device. The shutter must be enabled quickly when exposed, releasing the required light, close immediately.
The fz10 or fz20 camera does not have a shutter, but why does it still have this term? This is a better understanding. The fz10 or fz20 camera does not actually have a shutter. The shutter time is only the charge for how long the photosensitive device records. Generally, this time is basically the same as that of the film camera, so transfer the shutter concept of the film camera to the fz10 or fz20 camera.
The fz10 or fz20 cameras use photosensitive devices to capture scenes. The side-view camera uses an independent scene retrieval system. The single-lens camera uses a prism to capture scenes, when the camera is used to capture scenes, the camera does not use photosensitive devices.
The specific recording time of the photosensitive device depends on factors such as the field environment, whether the flashlight is turned on, how large the aperture is opened, what effect is needed, and what kind of sensitive materials are used.
For example, if we want to capture the details of a high-speed object, we need to release the shutter in a short time. If we want to take a night scene, we need to take a long time for exposure.
Shutter speed is generally expressed in seconds, such as 1/8 seconds, 1/1000 seconds, and 6 seconds.
The selected shutter time is related to the following factors:
Aperture: the larger the aperture, the faster the shutter.
Field Environment: with the same aperture, the larger the field brightness, the faster the shutter.
Photosensitive sensitivity: the higher the sensitivity, the faster the shutter speed. For example, the time required to set the camera to iso200 is twice as high as the time required to set the camera to iso100.
When the flashlight is enabled, it is a special case when the flashlight is enabled. Generally, the brightness of the flashlight is much greater than the brightness of the scene, and the brightness of the scene is almost negligible. However, if the brightness of the flashlight is not enough, it can only be used as a method to complete the light. (I have not thoroughly studied this. Which DX should I add ?)
What kind of effect do you need? You need to expose the image a little more when it is very bright, and set the shutter a little slower. If you like the Dark One, you can set the shutter faster.