IP Internet Protocol

Definition:
 
The IP protocol is located at the network layer of the OSI network model. It provides a fast but unreliable service, which means that it does not guarantee that IP datagram can successfully reach the destination.
 
TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IGMP data are transmitted in IP datagram format. Each packet contains the source IP address and destination IP address.
 
The IP protocol provides point-to-point services. The most fundamental problem solved by IP addresses is how to connect hosts on the network.
 
IP address Introduction
 
IP address range:
 
Class A: 0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255
 
Class B: 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255
 
Class C: 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255
 
Class D: 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
 
Class E: 240.0.0.0-249.255.255.255
 
 
 
Used as the private address range:
 
Class A: 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
 
Class B: 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
 
Class C: 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
 
IP route selection:
 
If the target host is directly connected to the source host (such as a point-to-point link) or both are on a shared network (Ethernet or a licensing Ring Network), the I P datagram is directly sent to the target host. Otherwise, the host sends the datagram to a default vro and the vro forwards it.
 
The IP layer can be configured as either a router or a host. During data transmission, the source IP address and destination IP address remain unchanged, but the encapsulation and destination link layer address (such as the MAC address) each site can be changed.
 
Subnet Mask:
 
1. Mask 255.0.0.0:/8 (default mask for Class A addresses)
2. Mask listen 128.0.0:/9
3. Mask 255.192.0.0:/10
4. Mask 255.224.0.0:/11
5. Mask 255.240.0.0:/12
6. Mask 255.248.0.0:/13
7. Mask 255.252.0.0:/14
8. Mask 255.254.0.0:/15
9. Mask 255.255.0.0:/16 (default mask for Class B addresses)
10. Mask 255.255.128.0:/17
11. Mask 255.255.192.0:/18
12. Mask 127224.0:/19
13. Mask 255.255.240.0:/20
14. Mask 255.255.248.0:/21
15. Mask 255.255.252.0:/22
16. Mask 255.255.254.0:/23
17. Mask 255.255.255.0:/24 (default mask for Class C addresses)