Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;

Computer system consists of two parts: hardware and software. The hardware includes the central processor, the memory and the external equipment, the software is the computer's running program and the corresponding document. The computer system has the functions of receiving and storing information, quickly calculating and judging by the program and outputting processing results. The operating system is the most basic system software that manages resources, controls program execution, improves human-machine interface, provides various services, and reasonably organizes computer workflow for users to provide good running environment conveniently and efficiently using computer. Operating system main target 1, user-friendly, 2, expand Machine Functions, 3, management of various resources, 4, improve system efficiency, 5. Build an open environment.

Multi-channel program design so-called multi-Channel program design is to allow multiple programs at the same time between main memory, by the central processing unit to switch the way for the service, so that multiple programs can be executed at the same time. Advantages: One is to improve the CPU, main memory and equipment utilization, the second is to increase the throughput rate of the system, so that the number of jobs completed in unit time increases; Thirdly, the parallelism of computer hard parts can be put into full play, and the equipment and equipment, between the CPU and the equipment may work in parallel. Disadvantage: Prolong the turnaround time of the job.

1. Classification of operating systems;

The operating system can be divided into three basic types, that is, batch processing system, time-sharing system and realtime system, according to the operating environment and functional characteristics of the user interface. With the development of computer architecture, there are many kinds of operating systems, which are embedded human operating system, personal operating system, network operating system and distributed operating system.

1. Batch processing operating system

The batching (batch processing) operating system works by giving the job to the system operator, the system operator composing a batch of jobs for many users, and then entering it into the computer, forming a continuous workflow of automatic transfers in the system, and then starting the operating system, the system automatically, Execute each job in turn. Finally, the operator will give the result to the user.

The batching operating system is characterized by multi-channel and batch processing.

2. Time-sharing operating system

The time sharing operating system works by having a single host connected to several terminals, each with one user in use. The user interactively to the system to make a command request, the system accepts each user's command, the use of time-slice rotation processing service requests, and interactively in the terminal to display the results to the user. The user is given the next life based on the previous step results. The time-sharing operating system divides the CPU into several fragments called time slices. The operating system, in turn, serves each end user in a time slice. Each user takes turns using a time slice so that each user does not feel that there is another user present. Time-sharing system has the characteristics of multi-path, interactivity, "monopoly" and timeliness. Multiplexing refers to the time when there are multiple users using a computer, macro view is that many people use a CPU at the same time, microscopic is more than one person at different times take turns to use the CPU. Interactivity refers to the user making further requests based on the results of the system response (the user intervenes each step directly). "Exclusive" means that the user does not feel that the computer is serving others, just as the entire system is exclusive to him. Timeliness means that the system responds to requests from users in a timely manner.

Common general operating system is the combination of time-sharing system and batch processing system. The principle is: time-sharing priority, batch processing in the post. The "foreground" responds to tasks that require frequent interaction, such as the requirements of the terminal, and the "backend" processing of jobs that do not require strong time.

3. Real-time Operating system

The real-time operating system (Realtimeoperatingsystem,rtos) is a request for the computer to respond to external events in a timely manner to complete the processing of the event within a prescribed time limit and to control the operating system for all real-time devices and real-time tasks to work in unison. The objective of the real-time operating system is to respond to external requests within a strict time frame, with high reliability and integrity.

4. Embedded operating system

The embedded operating system (Embeddedoperating system) is a systematic software which can coordinate, dispatch, command and control the whole embedded system and all kinds of components, such as its operation and control, in the embedded system environment. and enable the entire system to operate efficiently.

5. PC Operating System

The PC operating system is a single-user multitasking operating system. The PC operating system is mainly for personal use, powerful, inexpensive, and can be installed in almost any place. It can meet the general people's needs of operation, learning, games and so on. The main feature of the PC operating system is that the computer serves a single user at a certain time, and the user interface is friendly by using the graphical interface, which is easy to use, and can be skillfully manipulated.

6. Network operating system

Network operating system is based on computer network, is a variety of computer operating systems according to network Architecture Protocol standards developed software, including network management, communications, security, resource sharing and various network applications. Its goal is to communicate with each other and share resources.

7. Distributed operating system

A large number of computers are linked together through the network, which can obtain very high computing power and extensive data sharing. This system is called a Distributed System (Distributedsystem)

1. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems; linux,windows

Windows

Advantages

1 graphical interface is good, has a good integrated development environment, easy to operate. Provides a scalable, high-performance platform.

2 integration of common application software, simple, fast, convenient. Suitable for computer city sales personnel and maintenance of rapid installation.

Disadvantages

1. System update backward, more loopholes, unstable, vulnerable to viruses and trojan attacks;

2. With low software version, you need to uninstall the upgrade yourself;

3. All software and procedures preinstalled in the C drive, aggravating the system burden, even if uninstalled, there are still a lot of debris files, easy to slow down the system.

Linux

Advantage: The automatic execution of Linux is also very strong, only need to design batch files to allow the system to complete a very detailed task. Linux has graphics components. Linux supports high-end graphics adapters and displays, and is fully competent for graphics-related work. Linux has graphical management tools, as well as daily Office tools such as e-mail, Web browsers, and document processing tools. Reliable system security.

three , experimental Expand Thinking

What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

Mobile operating system.

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system