Linux-based computer hardware

Linux as an operating system, computer hardware is the basis, computer hardware is divided into controllers, operators, memory and input, which we often do management operations is the memory, through its basic structure and working principle of understanding, help us to carry out behind the disk planning, partitioning, File system establishment, etc. can be effectively carried out.

CUP , the CPU, the controller and the arithmetic that we mentioned above, of course, also have a part of memory, such as cache.

the memory is divided into two parts in the computer, which are main memory and secondary storage, also called RAM and external memory. Typically, memory reads and writes much faster than the external memory rate. The memory can be divided into different ways by how it works ROMand theRAMout,ROMIt 's not the one with the phone.ROM, the full name isRead Olny Memory(read-only memory), which is literally understood to be used only for read operations and cannot be written to data, which is, of course , the initialROMthat can only read cannot be written, at first, whenROMwhen there is a problem, you can only lose, you can not modify, very inconvenient. There is another kind calledPROM(Programmer ROM) called ProgrammableROM, thisROMnot only can read data, but also can write data, of course, this requires specialized burning tools, unfortunately ..... ThisPROMis a one-time, can only be burned once, written data can no longer be modified. There's another one back .EPROM(earerable Programmer ROM) is called ErasableROM, which is the ability to write and erase multiple dataEPROMcan only be erased by strong ultraviolet irradiation. Then came aROM,and now someBIOSused byROM,EEPROM(English does not write ...) ) Electrically erasableROMis that it can be wiped with electricity, not by light.

For a long time, I can't tell .ROMand theRAM, in fact, their own words are particularly simple,RAMFull name isRandom Access Memory(random access memory), allowing random to be stored in or out of the cell at any given address, for any address Access TimeIt's all the same., this is what we often say the memory, generally our operating system is installed on the external memory, such as hard disk, when the computer will turn on the operating system from external memory into memory, so even if I do not open any software, memory share is still many, that is because the memory has loaded our largest software --------Operating System.Microsoft's processors control most of the market, but they themselves think they're selling software,IBMservers are great, but they think they're selling services, rather than selling hardware. Most people only know Huawei mobile phones, but not to it is the only one in China that can influence the world, the information and communication solutions provider on the world stage. MaybeLinuxthe full name should also be writtenGun/linux,GUNthe full name isGUN is not UNIX, saidGUNNatural is a lot of people know the "open source" once, open source is the original code, that is, you do not need to pay or hard to crack can use, compile, modify. Of course, open source also has copyright, open source is not equal to free ..... Sitting in front of the computer3minutes in the head there is nothing about the memory of the stuff .... The principle of computer composition of the white learning .... Crying blind .... So just pull the word. RAMalso divided into,SRAMand theDRAM, static random access memory (SRAM) integrated intoCPUmemory becomes the cache to speed up access to data. The main memory component of a personal computer is dynamic random access memory (DRAM)

The following is external memory, external memory and memory has a maximum difference, in addition to the reading and writing rate, space size difference, the biggest difference between them is that external memory belongs to nonvolatile memory . That is, you put in the memory of things, after the power is gone, everything is gone, and put in external memory thingseven without electricity, it still exists. External memory, we use most of the mechanical hard drives, and are used asUdisk, memory card of Flash. The mechanical hard drive consists of a magnetic head, a mechanical ( head ) arm, a disc hinge and disc and a control motor , while our data is stored on the magnetic material on the platter, which is read and written on both sides, A mechanical hard disk is also more than one disk, you can imagine a lot of disk overlap together. Usually the platter from the outside to the inside into a circle of concentric ring, a circle is a track , the track and the track is a gap between the track, to prevent interference between the magnetic head to read the data, we partition of course it is not possible to use the track as the basic unit, but a track divided into one sectors , each sector has512Byte. Each disc has a head on top and bottom of the two disks, all the heads are rotated synchronously, so each head is at the same position at the same time on different disks, and each track on the same vertical plane is called a cylinder , all of USWindowsPartitions are partitioned by a concentric ring. The angular velocity is the same when the disk rotates, so the same time, the outside of the disk is more than the inside of the line speed, that is, the head can read more data, that is, the external measurement of the fastest read rate, so the most external side isWindowsin theCdisk.

Blog quickly published when the other thing, called the north-south bridge chip, this position, to the university is the first time to listen, is really ignorant of the tight ah .... The South Bridge chip on the motherboard compared to the slot near the input, so the main is the low-speed input , North Bridges closer to the CPU and memory, so the most high-speed memory, and so on.  

A. North Bridge: Responsible for the fast connection speed CPU , components such as memory and graphics

B. South Bridge: Responsible for the slow connection of the peripheral interface, including the hard disk USB network card and so on.

Linux-based computer hardware