Linux basic commands

Common commands:

Files and directories:

# cd/home into the ' home ' directory

# CD: Return to the top level directory

# CD:                             /.. Return to the top level two directory

# CD-Back to the last directory

# cp file1 file2 copy file1 to File2

# cp-a Dir1 dir2 Copy a directory

# cp-a/tmp/dir1. Copy a directory to the current working directory (. Represents the current directory)

# ls To view the files in the directory

# ls-a Show hidden files

# ls-l Show more information

# LS-LRT Display files by Time (l for detailed list, R for reverse sort, t for time sorting)

# PWD Display work path

# mkdir Dir1 create ' dir1 ' directory

# mkdir Dir1 Dir2 Simultaneous creation of two directories

# mkdir-p/tmp/dir1/dir2 Create a directory tree

# MV Dir1 dir2 Move/Rename a directory

# rm-f file1 delete ' file1 '

# rm-rf Dir1 Delete ' dir1 ' directory and its subdirectory contents

To view the contents of a file:

# cat File1 Viewing the contents of a file starting from the first byte

# head-2 File1 View the first two lines of a file

# more File1 View the contents of a long file

# TAC File1 To reverse view the contents of a file from the last line

# tail-3 File1 View the last three lines of a file

Text Processing:

# grep str/tmp/test Find "str" in file '/tmp/test '

# grep ^str/tmp/test in file '/tmp/test ' to find lines starting with ' str '

# grep [0-9]/tmp/test Find all rows containing numbers in '/tmp/test ' file

# grep str-r/tmp/* find "str" in directory '/TMP ' and its subdirectories

# diff File1 File2 Find out two different places in a file

# Sdiff File1 file2 shows the difference between two files in a contrasting way

Find:

# Find/-name file1 go to the root file system for files and directories from '/'

# Find/-user user1 locate files and directories belonging to user ' User1 '

# find/home/user1-name \*.bin in directory '/home/user1 ' to find files that end with '. Bin '

# Find/usr/bin-type F-atime +100 Find execution files that have not been used in the last 100 days

# Find/usr/bin-type f-mtime-10 Find files that have been created or modified within 10 days

# Locate \*.ps search for files ending with '. ps ', run the ' updatedb ' command first

# find-name ' *. [CH] ' | Xargs grep-e ' expr ' finds ' expr ' in all. C and. h files in the current directory and its subdirectories

# Find-type F-print0 | Xargs-r0 grep-f ' expr ' finds ' expr ' in the regular file of the current directory and its subdirectories

# find-maxdepth 1-type F | Xargs grep-f ' expr ' find ' expr ' in the current directory

Compression and decompression:

# bzip2 File1 Compression file1

# BUNZIP2 FILE1.BZ2 Decompression file1.bz2

# gzip File1 compression file1

# gzip-9 file1 Maximum compression file1

# gunzip file1.gz Decompression file1.gz

# TAR-CVF Archive.tar file1 to pack file1 into Archive.tar

(-C: Create compressed archives;-V: Show all processes;-F: Use the file name, is required, is the last parameter)

# TAR-CVF Archive.tar file1 dir1 pack file1,dir1 into Archive.tar

# TAR-TF Archive.tar Displays the contents of a package

# TAR-XVF Archive.tar Release a package

# TAR-XVF ARCHIVE.TAR-C/TMP release the package to the/tmp directory

# Zip File1.zip file1 Create a zip-format compression Package

# zip-r file1.zip file1 dir1 compress files and directories into a zip-format package

# unzip File1.zip unzip a zip-format tarball into the current directory

# unzip test.zip-d/tmp/unzip a zip-format tarball into the/tmp directory

Yum Tools:

# yum-y Install [package] Download and install a RPM pack

# yum Localinstall [package.rpm] Install a RPM package and use your own software warehouse to resolve all dependencies

# yum-y Update updates all RPM packages installed in the current system

# yum Update [package] updates a RPM pack

# yum Remove [package] Delete an RPM packet

# Yum list lists all packages installed in the current system

# yum Search [Package] search for packages in RPM repositories

# yum Clean [package] clears packages under cache directory (/var/cache/yum)

# Yum Clean headers Delete all header files

# yum Clean all deletes all cached packages and header files

Internet:

# ifconfig eth0 shows the configuration of an Ethernet card

# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 Configure IP address of network card

# ifdown eth0 Disable ' eth0 ' network device

# ifup eth0 enable ' eth0 ' network device

# Iwconfig eth1 shows the configuration of a wireless card

# iwlist scan shows wireless network

# IP Addr Show shows the IP address of the NIC

Other:

# Su-Switch to root permission (differs from SU)

# shutdown-h now shutdown

# Shutdown-r Now restart

# Top lists Linux tasks with the most CPU resources (input Q exit)

# Pstree Displays the program in a tree view

# Man Ping view reference manual (e.g. ping command)

# passwd Change Password

# df-h display of disk usage

# cal-3 shows the calendar for the first one months, the current month, and the next one months

# cal 10 1988 displays monthly calendar for the specified month, year

# date--date ' 1970-01-01 UTC 1427888888 seconds ' converts a number of seconds relative to 1970-01-01 00:00 to time

Ctrl + U Delete the characters before the cursor to the beginning of the line

Ctrl + K Deletes the character before the cursor to the end of the line

CTRL + C cancels the current line Input command, which is equivalent to CTRL + BREAK

Ctrl + A cursor moves to the beginning (ahead of line), equivalent to the usual home key

Ctrl + e cursor moves to end of line

Ctrl + F Cursor moves forward (forward) one character position

Ctrl + b cursor back (backward) move one character position

Ctrl + L clear screen, equivalent to execute clear command

Ctrl + R display: Prompt to find relevant historical commands according to user input (Reverse-i-search)

Ctrl + W Deletes the beginning of the current word (word) from before the cursor position

Ctrl + t swap two characters before the cursor position

Ctrl + y Pastes the last word that was deleted

Ctrl + Alt + D Show Desktop

ALT + b cursor moves back (backward) to the previous word

Alt + D deletes from the cursor position to the end of the current word

Alt + F2 Run

Alt + F4 close the current window

ALT + F9 Minimize Current window

ALT + F10 Maximize Current window

ALT + Tab Switch window

The [Tab] command line is auto-complete. This is the way you can use shell hints. Type the first few characters of a command or file name, and then press the [Tab] key, which automatically complements the command or displays all commands that match the typed characters.

Linux basic commands