Linux Basics-Process management and its basic commands

This article mainly explains the basic command usage method of process management in Linux.

1. Top command

Role: Dynamic display of process status

Format: top [options]

Common options:

-D: The number of seconds to follow, that is, the entire program screen updates the number of seconds, the default is 5 seconds

-B: Perform the top in batch mode

-P: Specifies that a PID is observed

Field Meaning:

Top- 23:52:38 up 19:58, 2 users, load average:0.00, 0.00, 0.00

System average load for the last 1 minutes, 5 minutes, 15 minutes: if higher than 1 means the system is busy

tasks:135 Total, 1 running, 134 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

Shows the type of current process of the system: running running state, sleep sleeping state, stopped stop state, zombie zombie State and its number

cpu (s):   0.0%sy,   0.0%ni, 100.0%id,   0.0%wa,   0.0%hi,   0.0%si,   0.0%st

CPU overall load: Kernel space Nice value Idle Span class= "Apple-tab-span" style= "Font-family:arial, Helvetica, Sans-serif;white-space:pre;" > wait for IO to finish Hardware interrupt Software interrupts The time that was stolen

mem:1906492k Total, 414676k used, 1491816k free, 48052k buffers

Physical memory Usage: Total memory amount, used: used memory, free: idle memory, buffers: buffered memory used

swap:2097148k Total, 0k used, 2097148k free, 250760k cached

Swap memory usage, field meaning similar to physical memory

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S%cpu%MEM time+ COMMAND

Process fields: PID, Process initiator, priority, nice value, virtual memory set, resident memory set, shared memory set, process state, CPU percentage, percentage of memory consumed, process run time with CPU, command name

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Top supports interactive commands for specifying the display of processes:

h or?: Display Help information

L: Whether to display uptime information

T: whether to display tasks and CPU information

1: Whether the display CPU is displayed separately

Memory Information: M command

P: Sort by CPU Resource usage

M: Sort by memory-intensive resources

N: Sort by PID

T: Sort by CPU cumulative time of process consumption

K: give some PID a signal

R: Give some PID a nice re-

S: Specify the Refresh time interval

2. htop Command

Role: Dynamic display of process status

Format: htop [options]

The Htop command is the enhanced version of the top command, allowing for more intuitive and dynamic display of process information and easier management processes that require additional installation

Htop field meaning and interactive commands are the same as top, please refer to the top command.

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The Htop command enables the display and management of processes through the F1~10 function key

F1: Help Options

F2: Used to adjust display properties, including display form, field order, etc.

F3: Used to specify the keyword search process

F4: Used to specify the keyword filtering process

F5: Displaying processes by tree

F6: Sort the specified fields for a process

F7 and F8: adjusting nice values

F9: Closing the specified process

F10: Exit

3. glances Command

Function: Maximizes real-time display of current system information

Format: glances [options]

Glances can display the current system CPU, memory and swap usage, process operation, network card up and down traffic, disk read/write rate, partition space usage, the function is very powerful, need to install separately.

Glances field meaning and interactive commands are the same as top, please refer to the top command.

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Glances supports interactive commands:

A: automatic way to sort processes

C: Sort the process with CPU percent occupied

M: Sort the process by the percentage of memory consumed

P: Sort processes by Process name

I: Sequencing processes at IO rate

D: Show or hide disk IO information

F: Show or hide file system Information

N: Show or hide network information

I: Show or hide logs

H: Display Help information

4. dstat Command

Function: A visualization tool that reads system resource statistics to extend the Vmstat function

Format: dstat [options]

Options:

-C: Display CPU-related information

-D: Show disk-related information

-D Total,sda,sdb,... Displays the specified disk

-G: Display page related statistics

-M: Display Memory related statistics

-N: Display network-related statistics

-P: Show process-related statistics

-R: Displays statistics related to IO requests

-S: Show swapped related statistics

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Characters commonly used paragraph meaning:

CPU: Percent occupied

USR: User occupancy

SYS: kernel occupancy

IDL: Idle Usage

Wai:io waiting to occupy

HIQ: Hardware interrupt consumption

Siq: Soft Interrupt occupancy

Disk Total: Diskette IO

READ: Reading rate

Writ: Write rate

NET total: Network traffic

Recv: Receive rate

Send: Transmit rate

Paging: Page frame rate

In: Page frame read rate

Out: Page frame readout rate

Systems: System Rate

In:interrupts, interrupt rate;

Cs:context switch, process switching rate;

Memory: RAM Usage

SWPD: Total amount of swap memory used;

Free: The total amount of idle physical memory;

Buffer: The total amount of memory used for buffer;

Cache: The total amount of memory used for the cache;

Swap: Swap partition rate

SI: Data rate for data entry into swap (KB/S)

So: Data rate from swap (KB/S)

These are the basic command methods commonly used in process management.

I have limited level, if there is improper understanding of the place, please give correct, thank you very much!

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Linux Basics-Process management and its basic commands