Linux class Notes

First, the Linux application domain and the version introduction.

1. Servers, embedded, desktop applications, etc.

(1) In the server domain, security and stability are required, especially the older kernel versions are more secure and more stable.

(2) Linux is mainly divided into kernel version and release version.

Kernel version 2.6.18. 2 is the main version, change the main version of the quality change, 6 is the minor version, there is a significant update when the change, 18 is the last version, the update is small, or update the non-important changes.

Ii. some rules of Linux.

Linux is strictly case sensitive. (character interface)
{All contents are file}
All content in Linux is saved as a file, including hardware.
Liunx file types are not distinguished by extension
There are some conventions: (* represents any document possible)
Compress package "*.gz", "*.bz2", "*.tar.bz2", "*.tgz" and so on.
Binary package: ". RPM"
Web page file: ". html", "*.php"
Scripting language: "*.sh"
Configuration file: "*.conf"

Third, system partition and system formatting.

Primary partition: There can be up to 4. into each sector, each sector is 512 bytes. 446 bytes Record information, remaining 64 bytes, record partition. 16 bytes represents a partition, so there can be only 4.
Extended partitions: There can be up to 1.
There can be only 4 primary and extended partitions.
Data cannot be written, only logical partitions can be included.

Formatted (advanced format) is also known as logical formatting, it refers to the user selected file system (such as FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, EXT2, EXT3, EXT4), in a specific area of the disk to write specific data, in the partition to be placed in a file allocation table, Disk space for file management, such as catalog tables.

Iv. partition device name, allocation mount.

partition, format, assign the Mount!
/represents the root directory dev represents all hardware device files

/DEV/HD[A-D] IDE Hard disk
/DEV/SD[A-P] SCSI/SATA/USB HDD
/dev/cdrom or/DEV/HDC optical drive
/DEV/FD[0-1] Floppy disk
/DEV/LP[0-2] Printer (25-pin)
/DEV/USB/LP[0-15] Printer (USB) <
/dev/mouse Mouse <

Device file name <
/DEV/HDA1 (IDE hard disk Interface) A represents the first hard disk and so on, 1 represents the first partition
/DEV/SDA1 (SCSI hard drive interface, SATA hard drive interface)

The logical partition disk number must start at 5.
Primary partition 1-4.

Five, the command format.

1. Login Name

[[Email protected]~]#
Root: Current login name
LocalHost host name
~ Current directory (home directory)
#超级用户的提示符,
The normal user prompt is $

The brackets in the command [options] [parameters] represent optional.

2. Query the contents of the directory.

Query contents in directory: LS

Options
-a displays all files, including hidden files.
-L Show more information
-D View Directory properties
-H humanized Display file size
-I display Inonde

3. Permissions.

The permissions are 10 bits:
First place: (-)
-rw-r--r--
-File type (-file D directory l soft connect file)

The back nine bits, each three bits of a group, represent: U owner, G-owned group, o other person.
R Read W write X Execute
1 represents a reference count, which indicates several references
1 represents the reference.

Vi. Directory processing commands.

mkdir-p[Directory name]<br>
-P Recursive creation

CD [catalogue]

Cd~ into the current user's home directory
Cd
cd-Enter the last catalog
Cd.. Go to the top level directory
CD. Go to the current directory

Linux class Notes