Linux commands that novice must master

Basic file directory Operations
Ls

$ ls #查看当前目录下文件conf lnmp_install.sh README vhost_ngx_pagespeed.shinit.sh ngx_pagespeed.sh Source vhost.sh

$ ls conf #查看conf目录下文件index. html nginx.conf pureftpd-mysql.conf Tz.phpinit.d.nginx pure-ftpd.conf script.mysql

$ ls -a  #显示所有文件 (contains hidden files beginning with dots (.)) .   conf      lnmp_install.sh   readme  vhost_ngx_pagespeed.sh.   init.sh  ngx_pagespeed.sh  source  vhost.sh 

$ ls -l  #以长格式显示文件的详细信息, can view file permissions, user, date, etc. total  60drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 jul 25 18:14 conf-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root  5720 Jul 25 18:14 init.sh-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root 21011 jul 25 18:14 lnmp_install.sh-rwxr-xr-x  1  root root  1983 jul 25 18:14 ngx_pagespeed.sh-rw-r--r--  1  root root   392 jul 25 18:14 readmedrwxr-xr-x 15 root  root  4096 jul 27 13:58 source-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root   4865 jul 26 21:58 vhost_ngx_pagespeed.sh-rwxr-xr-x  1 root  root  3774 jul 25 18:14 vhost.sh 

PWD #打印当前目录

# PWD/ROOT/LNMP

Cd

# CD: /#进入上层目录 # CD. /.. /#进入上上层目录 # cd ~ #进入当前用户的家目录 # cd/root/lnmp/conf #进入/root/lnmp/conf Directory

Mkdir

$ mkdir linuxeye #创建一个linuxeye目录 $ mkdir-p backup/sql #递归创建目录 (created if directory does not exist)

Rm

$ rm init.sh #删除init. sh file (without the-r parameter cannot delete the directory) $ rm-r conf #递归删除文件或目录 (You can delete the folder, you will be asked if you want to delete it, enter Y for confirmation, and then return) $ RM-RF backup #不会询问 (-F The parameter is used with caution) to delete files or directories directly recursively

Mv

$ mv Linux Linuxeye #将linux文件或者目录重命名为linuxeye $ mv vhost.sh conf/#将vhost. SH Move to Conf directory

Cp

$ CP Linux Linuxeye #将linux文件复制一份命名为linuxeye (if the Linuxeye directory is present, copy the Linux file to the Linuxeye directory and the file name does not become Linux) $ cp-r linuxeye/conf /#将linuxeye目录 (including inside files) copied to the Conf directory

Wget

$ wget http://blog.linuxeye.com/wp-content/uploads/lnmp.tar.gz #下载文件, add parameter-C breakpoint to continue,-T set timeout period followed by seconds

Cat && grep

$ Cat Vhost.sh | grep linuxeye #显示vhost. SH filter lines that contain linuxeye characters

Awk
Take a public network IP address

Ifconfig | grep ' inet addr: ' | Cut-d:-f2 | Grep-v ^10\. | Grep-v ^192\.168 | Grep-v ^172\. | Grep-v ^127\. | awk ' {print '} ' | awk ' {print;exit} '

System Resource Management
Df-h

Filesystem Size used Avail use% mounted On/dev/xvda 24G 13G 9.9G 55%/TMPFS 5 01M 108K 501M 1%/DEV/SHM

Top #动态查看进程消耗资源 (CPU, memory)
Top-h #查看各个线程资源消耗情况

Free-m # View memory, swap usage, top can also see

Compression and decompression
Tar

$ tar czf linuxeye.tar.gz./linuxeye #tar打包压缩 $ tar xzf linuxeye.tar.gz #解压

Zip & Unzip #加-Q parameter does not show the compression process

$ zip-r linuxeye.zip./linuxeye #zip压缩 $ unzip-q linuxeye.zip #安静的zip解压

MySQL Database operations

# mysqldump-uroot-pmysqlpwd--opt--database linuxeye > Linuxeye.sqlroot for user name, mysqlpwd for password, linuxeye database name, Linuxeye.sql sql# mysql-uroot-p after backup #命令行进入MySQL管理Enter password: Mysql>source linuxeye.sql #导入sql, usually used for database recovery

Linux commands that novice must master