Linux common commands 1 "go"

1.1. Turn off the machine

Shutdown-h Now shutting down the system (1)

Init 0 shutting down the system (2)

Telinit 0 shutting down the system (3)

shutdown-h Hours:minutes & shut down the system at a predetermined time

shutdown-c Cancel to shut down the system at a predetermined time

Shutdown-r Now Restart (1)

reboot Restart (2)

Logout Logout

1.2. Disk space

df-h to display a list of partitions that have been mounted

LS-LSR |more arrange files and directories in size

Du-sh Dir1 Estimate Catalog ' Dir1 ' disk space already in use '

Du-sk * | Sort-rn displays the size of the files and directories, in turn, based on capacity size

1.3. Files and directories

Cd/home Enter '/home ' Catalogue '

CD.. return to the top level directory

CD.. /.. return to the top level two directory

CD go to your personal home directory

CD ~user1 go to your personal home directory

CD- return to the last directory where

pwd Show work Path

ls viewing files in a directory

ls-f view the files in the directory, with a character appended to each file name to indicate the type of the file, " * "represents an executable plain file;" / "indicates the directory;" @ "denotes symbolic links;" | "represents FIFOs ; " = "represents a socket (sockets) .

ls-l display details of files and directories

ls-a Show hidden files

ls *[0-9]* display filenames and directory names that contain numbers

mkdir Dir1 Create a call ' Dir1 ' the directory '

mkdir dir1 Dir2 Create two directories at a time

mkdir-p/tmp/dir1/dir2 Create a directory tree

rm-f file1 Delete a call ' File1 ' of the file '

rmdir Dir1 Delete a call ' Dir1 ' the directory '

RM-RF Dir1 Delete a call ' Dir1 ' directory and delete its contents at the same time

rm-rf dir1 Dir2 Delete two directories and their contents at the same time

MV Dir1 New_dir Renaming / Moving a directory

CP file1 File2 Copy a file

CP dir/*. Copy all files under a directory to the current working directory

cp-a/tmp/dir1. copy a directory to the current working directory

cp-a dir1 Dir2 Copy a directory

ln-s file1 Lnk1 Create a soft link to a file or directory

LN file1 lnk1 Create a physical link to a file or directory

touch-t 0712250000 file1 Modify the timestamp of a file or directory -(YYMMDDHHMM)

file File1 Document Identification file1 of the type.

1.4. File Search

Find/-name file1 from '/' start the root file system to search for files and directories

Find/-user user1 search belongs to user ' user1 ' the files and directories

find/home/user1-name \*.bin in the catalog '/home/user1 ' in search with '. bin ' End of File

find/usr/bin-type f-atime +100 search in the past - files that have not been used in the day

Find/usr/bin-type f-mtime-10 Search in Ten files created or modified within the day

Find/-name \*.rpm-exec chmod 755 ' {} '; Search to '. RPM ' end of the file and define its permissions

Find/-xdev-name \*.rpm Search to '. RPM ' the end of the file, ignoring the optical drive, Czech disk and other removable devices

Locate \*.ps looking to '. ps ' End of File - Run First ' UpdateDB ' Command

Whereis Halt displays a binary file, source code, or Mans the location

which halt displays the full path of a binary file or executable file

1.5. Permissions for files

Use "+" set permissions, using "-" used to cancel

LS-LH Show Permissions

ls/tmp | pr-t5-w$columns divide the terminal into 5 Bar Display

chmod ugo+rwx directory1 Everyone who sets the directory (U) , Groups (g) and other people (o) to read ( R ), write (W) and Implementation (x) the Permissions

chmod go-rwx directory1 Delete a group (g) Other than others (o) Read and write execution permissions on the directory

chown user1 file1 change the Owner property of a file

chown-r user1 Directory1 change the Owner property of a directory and change the properties of all files in the directory at the same time

chgrp group1 file1 groups that change files

chown user1:group1 file1 Change the owner and group properties of a file

1.6. View the contents of a file

Cat File1 forward viewing the contents of a file starting from the first byte

TAC File1 Reverse View the contents of a file starting from the last line

More file1 View the contents of a long file

Less file1 similar to ' More ' command, but it allows the same reverse operation in the file as in the forward operation

head-2 file1 View the first two lines of a file

tail-2 file1 view the last two lines of a file

tail-f/var/log/messages view content that is added to a file in real time

1.7. Packaging and compressing files

bunzip2 file1.bz2 Unzip a called ' file1.bz2 ' of the file

bzip2 file1 Compress a called ' File1 ' of the file

gunzip file1.gz Unzip a called ' file1.gz ' of the file

gzip File1 Compress a called ' File1 ' of the file

gzip-9 file1 Maximum compression

TAR-CVF Archive.tar file1 creates a non-compressed Tar Package

tar-cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 Create a containing ' file1 ', ' file2 ' as well ' Dir1 ' the archive file

TAR-TF Archive.tar Display the contents of a package

TAR-XVF Archive.tar Release a package

TAR-XVF archive.tar-c/tmp release the compressed package to / tmp directory under

tar-cvfj archive.tar.bz2 Dir1 Create a bzip2 format of the compressed package

TAR-XVFJ archive.tar.bz2 Unzip a bzip2 format of the compressed package

TAR-CVFZ archive.tar.gz Dir1 Create a gzip format of the compressed package

TAR-XVFZ archive.tar.gz Unzip a gzip format of the compressed package

zip file1.zip file1 Create a Zip format of the compressed package

zip-r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 compress several files and directories into one Zip format of the compressed package

Unzip File1.zip Unzip a Zip Format Compression Package

1.8. RPM Package

RPM-IVH package.rpm Install a rpm Package

RPM-IVH--nodeps package.rpm Install a rpm package and ignore dependency warnings

rpm-u package.rpm Update a rpm Package But do not change its configuration file

rpm-e package_name.rpm Delete a rpm Package

Rpm-qa displays all installed in the system rpm Package

Rpm-qa | grep httpd Show all names that contain "httpd" Words of rpm Package

Rpm-qi package_name get special information for an installed package

RPM-QL package_name displays an already installed rpm list of files provided by the package

RPM-QC package_name displays an already installed rpm List of configuration files provided by the package

rpm-q package_name--whatrequires display with a rpm a list of dependencies for a package

rpm-q package_name--changelog displays a rpm modification History of the package

rpm-qf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Verify that the given file is by which rpm provided by the package

1.9. mount a file system

mount/dev/hda2/mnt/hda2 To mount a call hda2 the disk - Determine the directory '/mnt/hda2 ' already exists

umount/dev/hda2 Uninstall a call hda2 the disk - from the mount point first '/mnt/hda2 ' Exit

fuser-km/mnt/hda2 Force Uninstall when the device is busy

umount-n/mnt/hda2 run an unload operation without writing /etc/mtab file - useful when a file is read-only or when a disk is full

Mount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk

Mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom mount a CDROM or Dvdrom

Mount/dev/hdc/mnt/cdrecorder mount a CDRW or Dvdrom

Mount/dev/hdb/mnt/cdrecorder mount a CDRW or Dvdrom

Mount-o Loop File.iso/mnt/cdrom mount a file or ISO image File

mount-t Vfat/dev/hda5/mnt/hda5 mount a Windows FAT32 File System

Mount/dev/sda1/mnt/usbdisk mount a USB Czech disk or flash memory device

mount-t smbfs-o username=user,password=pass//winclient/share/mnt/share mount a Windows Network Sharing

1.10. File System Analysis

badblocks-v/dev/hda1 Check Disk hda1 the bad magnetic blocks on the

fsck/dev/hda1 Fix / Check hda1 on disk Linux integrity of the file system

fsck.ext2/dev/hda1 Fix / Check hda1 on disk ext2 integrity of the file system

fsck.ext3/dev/hda1 Fix / Check hda1 on disk ext3 integrity of the file system

fsck.vfat/dev/hda1 Fix / Check hda1 on disk Fat integrity of the file system

fsck.msdos/dev/hda1 Fix / Check hda1 on disk dos integrity of the file system

2. Expand command Exercise 2.1. System Information

Arch Display the processor architecture of the machine (1)

uname-m Display the processor architecture of the machine (2)

Uname-r to display the kernel version being used

Cat/proc/cpuinfo Show CPU Info of Information

cat/proc/interrupts Show Interrupts

Cat/proc/meminfo Verifying memory usage

Cat/proc/swaps Show which Swap be used

cat/proc/version Display the kernel version

Cat/proc/net/dev Display network adapters and statistics

cat/proc/mounts displaying the loaded file system

Date Show system Date

Cal Show the Calendar Table of the year

Date 041217002007.00 set the date and time - months and days of the year . seconds

clock-w save time changes to BIOS

fdisk-l viewing system partition information

Fdisk/dev/sdb for a new piece of SCSI partition the hard disk

2.2. Users and Groups

Groupadd group_name Create a new user group

Groupdel group_name Delete a user group

groupmod-n new_group_name old_group_name Rename a user group

useradd-c " Notes "-G admin-d/home/user1-s/bin/bash user1 Create one that belongs to "Admin" Users of the user group

Useradd user1 Create a new user

Userdel-r user1 Delete a user ('-R ' at the same time delete the user's home directory )

usermod-c "User FTP"-G system-d/ftp/user1-s/bin/nologin user1 Modify User Properties

passwd Change Password

passwd user1 Modify a user's password ( root only allowed )

chage-e 2009-12-31 user1 set the expiration period for user passwords

ID User name Check user Information

2.3. Text Processing

paste File1 file2 Merge to display two files or two columns of content

paste-d ' + ' file1 file2 merge two files or two columns of content, intermediate with "+" differentiate

sort file1 file2 sort the contents of a two file

sort file1 file2 | Uniq Remove the set of two files ( Duplicate lines retain only one copy )

sort file1 file2 | uniq-u Delete the intersection and leave the other rows

sort file1 file2 | uniq-d Remove the intersection of two files ( leave only content that exists in two files at a time )

comm-1 file1 file2 Compare the contents of two files only delete ' File1 ' What's included

comm-2 file1 file2 Compare the contents of two files only delete ' File2 ' What's included

comm-3 file1 file2 Compare the contents of two files delete only two files that are common to each other

diff file1 file2 > Patch Name . Patch generate patch files for old and new files

diff file1 File2 compare the differences between two files

2.4. Character setting and file format conversion

Dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt formats a text file from the MSDOS converted into UNIX

Unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt formats a text file from the UNIX converted into MSDOS

VI Dos.txt

: Set Fileformat=unix

: Wq

2.5. Initializing a file system

mkfs/dev/hda1 in the hda1 partition to create a file system

mke2fs/dev/hda1 in the hda1 partition to create a Linux ext2 the file system

mke2fs-j/dev/hda1 in the hda1 partition to create a linux ext3 ( log type ) the file system

mkfs-t vfat 32-f/dev/hda1 Create a FAT32 File System

fdformat-n/dev/fd0 format a floppy disk

Mkswap/dev/hda3 Create a Swap File System

2.6. Printing

Redhat-config-printer-tui go to install printer interface

LP – d hptr File Print file to the hptr on the printer

lpq – P Printer Name to view the status of a printer

LPRM – P Printer Name a Delete a print job inside a printer

Disable – R " changing paper " hptr Disable printer and prompt for cause

Enable Hptr re-enable disabled

Linux common commands 1 "go"