Linux Packaging compression command Rollup Linux Packaging Compression Command summary
Tar command
[[Email protected] ~]# tar [-cxtzjvfppn] files and directories ....
Parameters:
-C: Create a compressed file parameter directive (the meaning of Create);
-x: Unlock the parameter instructions for a compressed file!
-T: View the files inside the Tarfile!
In particular, in the release of the parameters, c/x/t can only exist one! Cannot exist at the same time!
Because it is not possible to compress and decompress simultaneously.
-Z: Do you have the properties of gzip at the same time? i.e. do I need gzip compression?
-j: Do you have bzip2 properties at the same time? i.e. is it necessary to compress with bzip2?
-V: Files are displayed during compression! This is commonly used, but is not recommended for use in the background execution process!
-F: Use the file name, please note, after F to immediately answer the file name Oh! Don't add any more arguments!
For example, using "TAR-ZCVFP tfile sfile" is the wrong way to write
"TAR-ZCVPF tfile sfile" Just right!
-P: Use original file properties (attributes are not changed according to user)
-P: You can use absolute path to compress!
-N: Newer than next date (YYYY/MM/DD) will be packaged in the new file!
--exclude file: In the process of compression, do not package file!
Example:
Example one: Package all the files in the/etc directory into/tmp/etc.tar
[[email protected] ~]# TAR-CVF/TMP/ETC.TAR/ETC <== package only, do not compress!
[[email protected] ~]# tar-zcvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc <== packaged, compressed with gzip
[[email protected] ~]# tar-jcvf/tmp/etc.tar.bz2/etc <== packaged, bzip2 compressed
# Note that the file name after parameter f is taken by yourself, and we are accustomed to using. Tar as a recognition.
# if the z parameter is added, the. tar.gz or. tgz represent the gzip compressed tar file ~
# If you add the J parameter, use. tar.bz2 as the file name.
# When the above instruction is executed, a warning message is displayed:
# "tar:removing leading '/' from member names" That's a special setting for absolute paths.
Example two: Check out what files are in the above/tmp/etc.tar.gz file?
[Email protected] ~]# tar-ztvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz
# because we use gzip compression, so to check the file in the tar file,
# you have to add Z to this parameter! It's important!
Example three: Extracting the/tmp/etc.tar.gz file under/USR/LOCAL/SRC
[Email protected] ~]# CD/USR/LOCAL/SRC
[Email protected] src]# tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz
# in the case of presets, we can unzip the file anywhere! In the case of this example,
# I'm going to transform my working directory under/USR/LOCAL/SRC and untie/tmp/etc.tar.gz,
# then the unpacked catalogue will be in/USR/LOCAL/SRC/ETC! Also, if you enter/USR/LOCAL/SRC/ETC
# you will find that the file attributes in this directory may be different from the/etc/.
Example four: under/tmp, I just want to untie the etc/passwd inside the/tmp/etc.tar.gz.
[Email protected] ~]# cd/tmp
[Email protected] tmp]# tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz etc/passwd
# I can check the file name in the Tarfile through TAR-ZTVF, if only one file,
# can be released in this way! Notice that! The root directory within the etc.tar.gz/is taken away!
Example five: Back up all the files in the/etc/and save their permissions!
[Email protected] ~]# tar-zxvpf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc
# The properties of this-p are important, especially if you want to keep the properties of the original file!
Example six: In/home, more than 2005/06/01 new files are backed up
[Email protected] ~]# tar-n ' 2005/06/01 '-ZCVF home.tar.gz/home
Example seven: I want to back up/home, etc, but don't/home/dmtsai
[Email protected] ~]# tar--EXCLUDE/HOME/DMTSAI-ZCVF myfile.tar.gz/home/*/etc
Example eight: Unpack the/etc/directly under/TMP without generating files!
[Email protected] ~]# cd/tmp
[Email protected] tmp]# TAR-CVF-etc | TAR-XVF-
# This action is a bit like cp-r/etc/tmp ~ still has its use!
Note that the output file becomes-and the input file becomes-and another | exist ~
# This represents the standard output, the standard input and the pipeline command!
# This part we'll be talking about this command again in Bash Shell and explain it to everyone!
gzip, Zcat command
[[Email protected] ~]# gzip [-cdt#] File name
[[email protected] ~]# zcat file name. gz
Parameters:
-C: The compressed data output to the screen, can be processed through data flow redirection;
-D: the extracted parameters;
-T: can be used to verify the consistency of a compressed file ~ See if there are errors;
-#: Compression level, 1 the fastest, but the worst compression, 9 slowest, but the best compression! The preset is-6 ~
Example:
Example one:/etc/man.config is copied to/TMP and compressed with gzip
[Email protected] ~]# cd/tmp
[Email protected] tmp]# cp/etc/man.config.
[Email protected] tmp]# gzip Man.config
# at this time Man.config will become man.config.gz!
Example two: Read the file contents of sample one!
[Email protected] tmp]# Zcat man.config.gz
# At this point the screen will show the contents of the file after the man.config.gz decompression!!
Example three: Extracting a file from sample one
[Email protected] tmp]# gzip-d man.config.gz
Example four: Man.config with the best compression ratio and retains the original file
[[email protected] tmp]# gzip-9-C man.config > man.config.gz
bzip2, Bzcat command
[[email protected] ~]# bzip2 [-cdz] File name
[[email protected] ~]# bzcat file name. bz2
Parameters:
-C: Output data generated by the compression process to the screen!
-D: decompressed parameters
-Z: Compressed parameters
-#: Same as gzip, all in the calculation of compression ratio parameters,-9 best,-1 fastest!
Example:
Example one: Compress just the/tmp/man.config with bzip2
[Email protected] tmp]# bzip2-z man.config
# at this time Man.config will become man.config.bz2!
Example two: Read the file contents of sample one!
[Email protected] tmp]# Bzcat man.config.bz2
# At this point the screen will show the contents of the file after the MAN.CONFIG.BZ2 decompression!!
Example three: Extracting a file from sample one
[Email protected] tmp]# bzip2-d man.config.bz2
Example four: Man.config with the best compression ratio and retains the original file
[[email protected] tmp]# bzip2-9-C man.config > man.config.bz2
Compress command
[[email protected] ~]# compress [-DCR] file or directory
Parameters:
-D: Parameters to decompress
-R: can also be compressed together with the files in the directory!
-C: Output compressed data to standard output (outputs to screen)
Example:
Example one:/etc/man.config is copied to/TMP and compressed
[Email protected] ~]# cd/tmp
[Email protected] tmp]# cp/etc/man.config.
[Email protected] tmp]# compress man.config
[Email protected] tmp]# ls-l
-rw-r--r--1 root root 2605 Jul 11:43 man.config.z
Example two: Unlock the zip file you just got
[Email protected] tmp]# compress-d man.config.z
Example three: compressing the man.config into another file to back up
[Email protected] tmp]# compress-c man.config > Man.config.back.z
[email protected] tmp]# ll man.config*
-rw-r--r--1 root root 4506 Jul 11:43 man.config
-rw-r--r--1 root root 2605 Jul 11:46 man.config.back.z
# The parameters of this-C are more interesting! He will output the data from the compression process to the screen instead of writing it into
# file. Z file. Therefore, we can export the data to another file name through a data flow redirection method.
# for Data flow redirection, we'll talk more about it in bash shell!
DD command
[[email protected] ~]# dd if= "input_file" of= "Outptu_file" bs= "Block_size" \
count= "Number"
Parameters:
If: The input file is also a device Oh!
Of: is output file Oh ~ can also be a device;
BS: Plan the size of a block, if not set, the preset is bytes
Count: How many BS means.
Example:
Example one: Backup/etc/passwd to/tmp/passwd.back
[email protected] ~]# DD if=/etc/passwd of=/tmp/passwd.back
3+1 Records in
3+1 Records out
[Email protected] ~]# Ll/etc/passwd/tmp/passwd.back
-rw-r--r--1 root root 1746 14:16/etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--1 root root 1746 16:57/tmp/passwd.back
# Take a closer look, my/etc/passwd file size is 1746 bytes, because I didn't set BS,
# So the preset is bytes to a unit, so the above 3+1 says there are 3 complete
# bytes, and the meaning of another block not full of bytes!
# In fact, it feels like the CP command ~
Example two: Backing up the/dev/hda MBR
[[email protected] ~]# dd If=/dev/hda of=/tmp/mbr.back bs=512 count=1
1+0 Records in
1+0 Records out
# It's got to be understood # We know the MBR of the whole hard disk is bytes,
# is the first sector on the hard drive, so I can use this way to
# All the information in the MBR is recorded, really powerful! ^_^
Example three: Back up the entire/DEV/HDA1 partition.
[email protected] ~]# DD if=/dev/hda1 OF=/SOME/PATH/FILENAEM
# This command is very powerful! Back up all the content of the entire partition ~
# The latter must not be in the/dev/hda1 of the directory Ah ~ Otherwise, how to read also can not finish ~
# This action is very effective, if you have to complete the whole partition of the contents of a day to fill back,
# You can use DD If=/some/file of=/dev/hda1 to write data to the hard disk.
# If you want an entire hard disk backup, like Norton's Ghost software in general,
# from disk to disk, hehe ~ To use DD can be ~ very bad!
Cpio command
[[email protected] ~]# CPIO-COVB > [file|device] <== Backup
[[email protected] ~]# Cpio-icduv < [file|device] <== Restore
Parameters:
-o: Data copy output to a file or device
-I: Copy data from file or device to system
-T: View the contents of a file or device created by Cpio
-C: A newer portable format mode storage
-V: Allows the file name to be displayed on the screen during storage
-B: Let the preset Blocks be added to 5120 bytes, the preset is bytes!
The benefit is that large files can be stored faster (refer to the I-nodes concept)
-D: Automatically create a directory! Because the content of cpio may not be in the same directory,
In this case, there will be a problem with the anti-backup process! Add-D to this time,
You can automatically set up the required directories!
-U: Automatically overwrites newer files with older ones!
Example:
Example one: Write all the data on the system to the tape drive!
[[email protected] ~]# Find/-print | Cpio-covb >/dev/st0
# in general, use a SCSI interface tape drive, code is/DEV/ST0 Oh!
Example two: Check what files are on the tape drive?
[Email protected] ~]# CPIO-ICDVT </dev/st0
[Email protected] ~]# CPIO-ICDVT </dev/st0 >/tmp/content
# in the first action, the files in the tape drive will be listed on the screen, and we can go through the second action,
# Record all the file names to the/tmp/content files!
Example three: Restore the data on the tape back ~
[Email protected] ~]# Cpio-icduv </dev/st0
# in general, use a SCSI interface tape drive, code is/DEV/ST0 Oh!
Example four: Back up all "files" under/etc to/root/etc.cpio!
[Email protected] ~]# Find/etc-type F | Cpio-o >/root/etc.cpio
# so you can back it up ~ You may also be able to cpio-i </root/etc.cpio
# to catch the data!!!!
Linux compression (decompression) command
