Linux Directory and file management

I. Overview of the Order

Directory Management Commands: Ls,cd,pwd,mkdir,rmdir,tree

File Management: Touch,stat,file,rm,cp,mv,install

Ii. detailed usage of commands

1.ls-list Directory Contents

ls [OPTION] ... [FILE] ...

-L: Long format

1th column 1th bit: file type:

-: Normal file (f)

D: catalog (directory)

B: Block devices (blocks)

C: Character device (character)

L: Symbolic Connection (symbolic link file)

P: Command pipe file (pipe)

S: Socket file (socket)

1th column 第2-10位: Permission bit (rwxrwxrwx)

2nd Column: Number of hard connection files

3rd Column: File owner

4th Column: Group of file genera

5th column: File size (size), Unit bytes, (can be used for unit conversion display with-h)

6th column: Timestamp (timestamp), Last modified time

Access: Access

Modified: Modify, default display, file content has changed

Change: change,metadata (meta data)

-H: Do unit conversions

-A,--All: shows hidden files starting with.

. Represents the current directory

.. Represents the parent directory

-A,--Almost-all: not displayed with [.] [..] Files, others are the same as-a

-D,--Directory: Display the directory's own properties

-i:index Node,inode

-R,--Reverse: Reverse Display

-R,--Recursive: recursive display

2.CD--change the Shell working directory

#cd ~: Return to home directory

#cd ~ USERNAME: Go to USERNAME Home directory

#cd-: Return to the previous directory

3.pwd-print Name of current/working directory

PWD [OPTION] ...

- L Force Symbolic links to be followed

- p Use the physical directory structure without following symbolic links

4.mkdir-make Directories

mkdir [OPTION] ... DIRECTORY ...

-P,--Parents: Creating a directory recursively

-V,--verbose: Show Create directory procedure

# mkdir-p/tmp/x/y/z/...

5.rmdir--remove Empty Directories

rmdir [OPTION] ... DIRECTORY ...

-P,--Parents: recursively Delete empty directories

#rmdir-P/tmp/x/y/z: Delete directory z, y, Z

6.tree--list contents of directories in a tree-like format.

tree [-adfghilnopqrstuvxacdfns] [-L level [-r]] [-H basehref] [-t title] [-o filename] [--nolinks] [-P pattern] [-I Pattern] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--dirsfirst] [--version] [--help] [--filelimit #] [directory ...]

-A: Show All files, hidden files are not displayed by default

-D: List only directories

-F: Show full path for each file

-u: Show file owner

-G: Show file Genus Group

-r: Display results sorted in reverse order

-o FileName: Display results sent to filename

7.touch--change File Timestamps

Touch [OPTION] ... FILE ...

-A: Modify the file access time

-M: Modify the file modification time

-T STAMP: Time format: [[CC]YY]MMDDHHMM[.SS]

-R,--reference=file: reference the current file time

-C,--no-create: Do not create a file, the default file does not exist will create a file empty files

8.stat-display the file or file system status displays the Detail property information

Stat [OPTION] ... FILE ...

9.file-determine file type View files

file [-bchiklnnprsvz0] [--apple] [--mime-encoding] [--mime-type] [-e testname] [-F separator] [-f namefile] [-M magicfiles ] File ...

file-c [-M magicfiles]

file [--help]

-B: The file name is not displayed and only the file type is displayed. Useful in shell scripts.

-I,--MIME: Displays the MIME category.

-L,--dereference: directly displays the category of the file to which the symbolic connection is pointing.

-F,--files-from NameFile: Specifies the name file (NameFile), each of which behaves as a file name, and the file command will identify the type of the files per line file name

-S,--special-files: Detect special files such as disk partitions

File. bashrc/dev/sda1

. bashrc:ascii Text

/dev/sda1:block Special

# file-i. bashrc/dev/sda1

. Bashrc:text/plain; Charset=us-ascii

/dev/sda1:application/x-block-device; Charset=binary

# FILE/BIN/TRACEROUTE6

/bin/traceroute6:symbolic link to ' traceroute '

# file-l/bin/traceroute6

/bin/traceroute6:elf 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for Gnu/linu X 2.6.18, stripped

# FILE/DEV/SDA1

/dev/sda1:block Special

# file-s/DEV/SDA1

/dev/sda1:linux Rev 1.0 ext4 FileSystem data (needs Journal recovery) (extents) (huge files)

10.rm-remove Files or directories

RM [OPTION] ... FILE ...

-i:prompt before every removal Interactive, confirm delete

-F,--force: forcibly removed

-r,-r,--Recursive: Recursively delete all files under directory

11.cp-copy Files and directories

CP [OPTION] ... [-T] SOURCE DEST

CP [OPTION] ... SOURCE ... DIRECTORY

CP [OPTION] ...-t DIRECTORY SOURCE ...

-A,--archive:same as-dr--preserver=all, archive replication, often used for backup

-I,--Interactive: Confirm when overwriting existing files

-r,-r,--Recursive: Recursive replication

-F,--force: Forced replication

-P: Preserve attributes such as owner, group, timestamp, etc.

12.mv-move (rename) file

MV [OPTION] ... [-T] SOURCE DEST

MV [OPTION] ... SOURCE ... DIRECTORY

MV [OPTION] ...-t DIRECTORY SOURCE ...

-I,--Interactive: Confirm when overwriting existing files

-F,--force: Forced movement

13.install-copy files and Set attributes copy file and set file properties

Install [OPTION] ... [-T] SOURCE DEST

Install [OPTION] ... SOURCE ... DIRECTORY

Install [OPTION] ...-t DIRECTORY SOURCE ...

Install [OPTION] ...-d DIRECTORY ... Create a Directory

-M,--mode=mode, reset file permissions by default: 755

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Linux Directory and file management