Linux Disk Management

Disk partition formatting:

First, the root of the file directory description:

Binary files: /bin,/sbin: Binary program, the operation of the operating system itself needs to use the program; /usr/bin,/usr/sbin: Binary program, System management needs to use the program; /usr/local/bin,/usr/local/sbin: Binary program; third party provides the program, to the system operation, management is not related;

Library files /lib: library files, which provide the required libraries primarily for/bin,/sbin, and often provide libraries for/usr/bin,/usr/sbin, /usr/lib: library file case; Very few, for the/usr/bin,/usr/sbin to provide the library; /usr/local/lib: library files, mainly for the/usr/local/bin,/usr/local/sbin to provide libraries;

Configuration file: /etc/: Configuration file directory;/bin,/sbin,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin configuration file is usually stored here; /USR/LOCAL/ETC: Configuration file;/usr/lcoal/bin,/usr/lcoal/sbin configuration file is usually placed here;

Temp file: /tmp: Temporary file storage directory generated when the program is run;

Files that change frequently: such as logs /var /var/log;/var/mail/;/var/cache;

Output directory for kernel features: Also known as kernel image (pseudo file) /proc:

Output hardware information: such as hard disk (pseudo file) /sys

Mount Directory: (not necessarily, just a general practice) /media: Associated portable devices; /MNT: Associated Hard disk

Boot directory: /boot: Mainly used to place the kernel;

User home directory: /home /root:

Device files: (b-Block devices (support random access), C-character devices (linear devices) /dev:linux can identify the devices are in this directory;

Second, hard disk related indicators (I/O, interface, speed, file representation)

HDD Device: random access device;

/ o

I/O Controller: The main control of communication between the device signal conversion, such as CPU and hard disk, CPU and memory; Integrated, also called Controller

I/O Adapter: Non-integrated, also known as adapter

Hard disk Device Interface:

Ide,ata: parallel; 133mb/s;

Scsi:small computer system interface; parallel; ultrascsi:320mb/s;10000 to/m,15000 ext./M,

Sata:serail ATA, serial, stat1:300mb/s, STAT2:600MB/S, stat3:6gbps

SAS: serial;

Usb:

Ssd:solid-state disk;

The hard disk is represented under Linux:

Ide,ata:/dev/hd[a-z]; the first hard disk with Hda said, a downward row;

The parallel line generally has two interfaces, one is the main: Master,hda; one is auxiliary: SLAVE,HDB

First IDE control drive, second IDE control optical drive: HDC

Scsi,sas,stat,usb:/dev/sd[a-z], the first hard disk with SDA, a downward row;

SDA, SDB, can also change the Udev file from the definition format;

Disk partitioning: Each separate disk partition can be used as a separate file system;

File system: Usually provided by the kernel;

Windows:ntfs, FAT32

Linux:ext2,ext3,ext4,xfs,reiserfs,nfs,iso9600,jfs,brtfs

Linux Disk Management