Linux Disk Management

Linux Disk Management

HDD :

Mechanical hard-disk

SSD Solid State Drive

Mechanical Type:

Track tracks

Sector sector: 512bytes

Cylinder cylinder: The basic unit of the partition;

MBR:Master Bootrecord

512bytes

446:bootloader

64:filesystem Allocation table

: identify a partition

2:55AA

Disk interface type:

IDE (ATA):133mb/s,/DEV/HD

scsi:640mb/s

SATA:6Gbps

SAS:6Gbps

USB:480mb/s

identify the hard drive device:/DEV/SD

mark a different hard drive device:/dev/sd[a-z]

mark different partitions on the same device:/dev/sd[a-z][1-]

1-4: primary or extended partition identification

5+: Logical partition Identification

device files: Special files

Device Number:

Major,minor

Major: Device type

Minor: different devices under the same type

"Block":block, random device

"character":character, linear device

Gpt:guidpartition Table

partitioning: Separates the storage space into multiple small spaces, each of which can use the file system independently;

Partitioning Tools:

fdisk,parted, Sfdisk

use of the Fdisk tool:

supports up to a maximum of four partitions on a single hard drive;

Partition Management sub-command:

P: Display

N: Create

D: Delete

T: Modify the partition ID

L: List all support ID types

W: Save exit

Q: Discard changes and exit

M: Get help

after the creation is complete, check to see if the kernel has identified the new partition:

#cat/proc/partitions

There are three commands that allow the kernel to reread the disk partition table:

Centos5:partprobe [DEVICE]

centos6,7:

Partx

Kpartx

partx command:

Partx DEVICE

Partx-a DEVICE

Register all partition information on a disk, and if a partition information is already logged, an error will be made.

If the partition information on a disk is not logged, then quiet is complete.

Partx-a-N m:n DEVICE records the first M to n partition information

m read into section m partition information

M: Specifies the minimum value of the read-in partition number

: N Specifies the maximum value of the read-in partition number

Kpartx Command:

Kpartx-af DEVICE

Linux File System Management

File System:

VFS:Virtual FileSystem

Linux:ext2, EXT3,EXT4, ReiserFS, XFS, Btrfs, swap

Disc:iso9660

Windows:fat32 (VFAT), NTFS

Unix:ffs, UFS, JFS, JFS2

Network File system:nfs,cifs

Cluster File system:OCFS2,GFS2

Distributed File systems:Ceph,

Moosefs,mogilefs, HDFs, GFS, Glusterfs

(1) journaled File System

non-journaled file system:ext2

journaled File system:ext3

(2) Swap: Swap partition

To create a file system:

perform formatting on a partition ( Advanced Format )

to use a file system, two conditions are met:

Kernel: Support for this file system

User space: There are file System management tools

Create tool:MKFS (make filesystem)

MKFS-T type DEVICE

Mkfs.typedevice

MKFS [tab][tab] View MKFS supported file formats

Special management tools for the EXT series file system:

mke2fs-t {EXT2|EXT3|EXT4} DEVICE

-B block:1024, 2048, 4096 specify block size

-L ' LABEL ': set the volume label name

Blkid Command:

Blkid DEVICE

Label,uuid, TYPE

Example:

[[email protected]]# fdisk -l /dev/sda disk /dev/sda: 128.8 gb,  128849018880bytes, 251658240 sectorsunits = sectors of 1 * 512 =  512 bytesSector size  (logical/physical):  512 bytes /512 bytesi/o  size  (Minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesdisk label type:  Dosdisk identifier: 0x000c2314  device boot      start          End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1  *        2048       411647      204800  83  linux/ dev/sda2          411648    41371647    20480000   83  linux/dev/sda3        41371648     61851647   10240000   83  Linux/dev/sda4         61851648   251658239   94903296     5  Extended/dev/sda5        61855744     82335743   10240000   83  Linux/dev/sda6         82337792    86532095    2097152    82  linux swap / solaris# Create a new 10G partition command  (m for help):  Nall primary partitions are in useadding logical partition 8first  sector  (86534144-251658239, default 86534144): using default value  86534144last sector, +sectors or +size{k,m,g}  (86534144-251658239, default 251658239):  + 10gpartition 8 of type linux and of size 10 gib is set# Delete 8th partition command  (M FOR HELP): dpartition number  (1-8, default 8):  9^h8partition number  (1-8, default 8):  8partition 8 is deleted# The new partition is not mounted [[email protected] test]# cat /proc/partitionsmajor minor   #blocks   name   8        0  125829120  sda   8        1      204800 sda1   8        2   20480000  sda2   8        3   10240000  sda3   8         4          1 sda4    8        5   10240000 sda5    8        6    2097152 sda6   11        0     651264 sr0    #重读分区信息 [[email protected] test]# partx /dev/sda[[email protected] test]#  cat /proc/partitionsmajor minor   #blocks   name   8         0  125829120 sda   8         1     204800 sda1   8         2   20480000 sda2   8         3   10240000 sda3   8         4          1 sda4   8         5   10240000 sda5   8         6    2097152 sda6   8         7       1024 sda7   8         8   10485760 sda8  11         0     651264 sr0   # Format Disk  mkfs  Format The sda8  you just created as xfs  format [[email protected] test]# mkfs -t  xfs /dev/sda8meta-data=/dev/sda8               isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks          =                        sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1          =                        crc=0         finobt=0data     =                        bsize=4096    blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25         =                         sunit=0      swidth=0 blksnaming   =version 2               bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype= 0log      =internal log            bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2          =                        sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count =1realtime =none                    extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0# View partition Format [[email  Protected] test]# blkid /dev/sda8/dev/sda8: uuid= "5515906f-6e7b-4895-b9cf-c9214e16e7d5"  type= "XFS"

If there is any mistake, please correct me!

Thank you!

Linux Disk Management