Linux storage architecture and disk partitioning

The main common catalog definitions

2. /boot required files ---- kernel, boot menu and required configuration file

4. /dev Any devices and interfaces are stored as files in this directory

6. /etc configuration file

8. / Home User Master directory

10. /bin commands that can be manipulated in single-user maintenance mode

12. /lib function libraries used when booting up and /bin and /sbin functions to be called by the following command

14. /sbin required during boot- up

16. /media devices that are generally mounted or removed

18. /OPT placing third-party software

20. /root system Administrator's home directory

22. /tmp Shared temp directory for any person to use

24. /var mainly stores frequently changing files, such as logs

Mounting hardware devices

Mount mounts File system "Mount/dev/cdroom/media/cdroom"

-A mount all file systems defined in/etc/fstab

-t Specifies the type of file system

Simulation Training: partition, format, and mount the new hard drive device to /newfs Catalogue

Step 1 : Add a hard disk to the virtual machine for the logical volume experiment

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Step 2 : Select disk

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Step 3: Select a disk type

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Step 4 : Choose to create a new disk

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Section 5 Step: Set the size of the disk

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Step 6 : The default disk name can be

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Step 7 : The successfully added hard drive appears in the list

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Step Two: Partition the newly added hard disk

Fdisk for managing disk partitions

manage partitions for a hard disk:FDISK/DEV/SDA

M View all available parameters

N add a new partition

d Delete a partition information

L list all available partition types

T change the type of a partition

P View information for partitioned tables

W Save Exit

Q do not save direct exit

To partition a SDB hard disk using the fdisk command

#fdisk/dev/sdb

Command (M for help):p------> View partition information

Command (M for help): n------> Create new Partition

Partition Type:

P:

E:

Select (defaults p):p

tapping the number 1 represents the partition number 1:

Partition number (1–4,default 1): 1

Start sector of the disk, enter directly:

Frist sector (2048–41943039,default 20148) +2g

Tap the character Wto save the above partition information:

Step 3 : Format The XFS file system

#mkf. xfs/dev/sdb1

Step 4 : Mount the hard drive device to the /newfs directory

#Mkdir/newfs

#mount/dev/sdb1/newfs

Step 5 : Set the system to automatically mount the hard drive device after booting

#vim/etc/fstab

/DEV/SDB1/NEWFSXFS Defaults 0 0

Step 6 : View the file system situation:

DF is used to view mount point information and disk usage

-a displays all file systems ( including virtual )

-H easier-to-read capacity format

-I show the Inode information

View all mounted mount information and hard disk usage

#df-H

Du is used to see how much disk is being used

View the space occupied by each file in the root directory

#du-H

Linux storage architecture and disk partitioning