Linux Learning Commands Summary ⑩③

#链接文件

Hard link: ln SRC linkfile

① hard links cannot span partitions

[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# Mount/dev/xvda1 on////dev/pts type Devpts (rw,mode=0620,gid=5/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type Binfmt_misc (rw)/dev/xvdb1 on/tmp/  XVDB1 type EXT4 (rw)/dev/xvdb2 on/tmp//tmp/xvdb1/test/tmp/xvdb2/newtestln:creating hard link ' /tmp/xvdb2/newtest ' = '/tmp/xvdb1/test ': Invalid cross-device link

② cannot create a hard link to a directory

[Email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ln/tmp/wanghan/tmp/new_wanghanln: '/tmp/wanghan ': Hard link not Allowed for Directory

③ hard Links will change the number of times a file is linked

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls-l t*-rw-r--r--1 root root 153] 11:48/tmp/test.sh/tmp/-l t*-rw-r--r--2 root root 153 11:48 test.sh

④ hard links to the same inode as the original file

[Email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls-li458763-rw-r--r--2 root root        153 11:48 new_test.sh<
   
     /c7>458763-rw-r--r--2 root root        153 11:48
     test.sh
   

#软链接又称符号链接: Ln–s SCR linkfile

① Symbolic links can be cross-partitioned

[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# Mount/DEV/XVDA1 on/type ext3 (rw,noatime,acl,user_xattr) proc on/proc type proc (rw) Sysfs on/sys type SYSFS (rw) devpts on/dev/pts type devpts (rw,mode=0620,gid=5) None on/proc/sys/fs/Binfmt_misc type Binfmt_misc (rw)/DEV/XVDB1 on/tmp/xvdb1 type EXT4 (rw)/DEV/XVDB2 on/tmp/xvdb2 type EXT4 (rw) [[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# LN-s/tmp/xvdb1/test/tmp/xvdb2/new_test[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls-l/tmp/Xvdb2total16drwx------2 root root 16384 16:37 lost+foundlrwxrwxrwx1 root root 16:55 new_test-/tmp/xvdb1/test

② Symbolic link file is not the same inode as the original file

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ln-s/tmp/ceshi.sh/tmp/-li   458762-rw-r--r--1 root root        153 11:49 ceshi.sh458768 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root from 16:57         new_ceshi.sh

③ can create symbolic links to directories

[Email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ln-s/tmp/wanghan/tmp/-l1 root root         22 17 : New_wanghan,/tmp/wanghandrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096, 20:57 Wanghan        

④ Symbolic link does not change the number of times the original file was linked

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls-li   458762-rw-r--r--1 root root        153-11:49 CE shi.sh458768 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root from         16:57 new_ceshi.sh-/tmp/ceshi.sh

#解压缩命令

Gzip Unzip Tool

-L-rw-r--r--1 root root         11:49 ceshi.sh.gz

GZIP-C: The compression structure is sent to standard output, which can be saved by using redirection, thereby preserving the original file

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~~]# gzip-c test.sh >~]# ls-8-rw-r--r--1 root root
   
    5 17:15
     test.sh-rw-r--r--1 root root-17:16 test.sh.gz
   

Gzip-d: Extracting Files

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# ls-4-rw-r--r--1 root root, 17:15~]# gzip-~]# LS-4-rw-r--r--1 root root 5 17:15 test.sh

Zcat: Direct display of the contents of the compressed package

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# zcat yum.conf.gz [main]cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$ Releaseverkeepcache=0debuglevel=2logfile=/var/log/yum.logexactarch=1  Obsoletes=1gpgcheck=1plugins=1installonly_limit=5

BZIP2 Decompression Tool

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~~]# ls-4-rw-r--r--1 root root 648] 17:21 yum.conf.bz2

BZIP2-C: The compression structure is sent to standard output, which can be saved by using redirection, thereby preserving the original file

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# bzip2-c yum.conf >~]# ls-8-rw-r--r--1 root root 969 22 1 7:21 yum.conf-rw-r--r--1 root root 648 17:30 yum.conf.bz2

Bzip2-d: Extracting Files

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# bzip2-~]#ls-4-rw-r--r--1 root root 969-17:21 yum.conf

Bzcat: Direct display of the contents of the compressed package

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~~]# bzcat yum.conf.bz2 [main]cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch /$releaseverkeepcache=0debuglevel=2logfile=/var/log/yum.logexactarch=1

XZ Decompression Tool

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~~~]# ls-4-rw-r--r--1 root root 696 17:21 yum.conf.x Z

XZ-C: The compression structure is sent to standard output, which can be saved by using redirection, thereby preserving the original file

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# xz-c yum.conf >~]# ls-8-rw-r--r--1 root root 969 22 17:2 1 yum.conf-rw-r--r--1 root root 696 17:35 yum.conf.xz

Xz-d: Extracting Files

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~~]# XZ-~]# lsyum.conf

Xzcat: Direct display of compressed package contents

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# xzcat yum.conf.xz [main]cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$ Releaseverkeepcache=0debuglevel=2logfile=/var/log/yum.logexactarch=1  Obsoletes=1

#tar归档工具

tar [options]–f file.tar Flie ...

-C: Create an archive

[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# Tar-~]# ls-16-rw-r--r--1 root root   969 17:21 Yum.conf-rw-r--r--1 root root 10240 17:45 Yum.conf.tar

-X: Expand Archive

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~~]# Tar-~]# lsyum.conf  Yum.conf.tar

-T: Do not expand direct view of archived files

[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# Tar-tf yum.conf.tar yum.conf

Compress files and archive them:

Call the Gzip tool

-z:gzip

Compressed archive

[[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# Tar-~]# ls-8-rw-r--r--1 root root 969-17:21 yum.conf -rw-r--r--1 root root 708 17:53 Yum.conf.gz.tar

Unzip the archive

[[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# ls   ~]# Tar-~]# lsyum.conf  Yum.conf.gz.tar

Calling the Bzip2 tool

-j:bzip2

Compressed archive

[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# Tar-~]# ls yum.conf  yum.conf.bz2.tar

Unzip the archive

[Email protected]_168_102_centos ~~]# Tar-~]# lsyum.conf  Yum.conf.bz2.tar

Call the XZ tool

-j:xz

Compressed archive

[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# Tar-~]# ls yum.conf  yum.conf.xz.tar

Unzip the archive

[Email Protected]_168_102_centos ~]# Tar-~]# ls yum.conf  yum.conf.xz.tar

Three types of compressed archives

-rw-r--r--1 root root 969 17:21 yum.conf-rw-r--r--1 root root 744-18:02 yum.conf.bz2-rw-  r--r--1 root root 708 18:02 Yum.conf.gz.tar-rw-r--r--1 root root 792-18:01 Yum.conf.xz.tar

Linux Learning Commands Summary ⑩③