Linux Learning Notes-text management commands and related options

Text Processing:

Cut echo sort Uniq WC tr

Text view:

Cat tac more less tail head

Text Processing

# cut   Text output

[[Email protected] ~]# cut --help Usage: cut [option]... [file] ... print selected parts of lines from each file to standard  Output. mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short  options too.  -b, --bytes= List                 Select only those bytes specified   -c, --characters= list            Select only the specified characters   -d, --delimiter= the delimiter           Use the specified delimiter instead of a tab as the area demarcation   -f, --fields=list       select  only these fields;  also print any line                              that contains no delimiter character, unless                              The -s option is specified

-d Specifies the field delimiter, which by default is a space

-F 1,3 Specifies that 1, 3 fields are displayed

-F 1-3 Specifies that 1-3 fields are displayed

Example: #cut-D:-f1/etc/passwd            

# Echo, write parameters to standard output

[[email protected] ~]# help echoecho: echo [-nee] [parameter   ...]      writes parameters to standard output.          Show  ARG  parameters on standard output followed by a line break.          Options:      -n          do not append line breaks       -e          enable the following backslash escape interpretations       -E         Explicitly suppresses interpretation of backslash escapes          ' echo '   escapes the following backslash characters:       \b         BACKSPACE       \e          Escape characters       \f          Format offers       \n          NewLine       \r         Enter       \t          Horizontal Tab       \v          Portrait tab

Example: #echo-E "This is 2017. \ n This is 23 "

Example:Echo- E "\033[1;31;41mhello\033[0m "  color Display,\033RepresentativeCtrlcharacters,1represents the font format, torepresents the background color, Arepresents the foreground color tombegins with the\033[0mEnd                

#sort Text Sorting

[[Email protected] ~]# sort --help Usage: sort [option]... [file] ... Or: sort [option]... --files0-from=fwrite sorted concatenation of all file (s)  to standard output. mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short  Options too. Sorting Options:  -f, --ignore-case               Ignore letter Case   -h, --human-numeric-sort       Use legibility numbers (ex:  2k 1g)   -n, --numeric-sort              comparison by string values   -R, --random-sort               Sort by random hash        --random-source= File        get random bytes from the specified file   -r, --reverse                   reverse output sort result       --sort= word                according to WORD  Sort the specified format:                                           General Digital-G, high readability-H, month-m, digital-n,                                           Random-R, version-v  -v, -- version-sort             the natural version sort within the text   -k , --key=keydef               Specifying display fields   -m, --merge               merge  already sorted files; do not sort  -u, --unique                with-C, strict verification of the sort; not with-C, output only once sorting results   -o,  --output= file               Writing results to a file rather than standard output   -s, --stable                    disable last-resort  comparison to stabilize comparison algorithm   -s, --buffer-size= size           Specify the main memory cache size   -t, --field-separator= separators    Converts with a specified delimiter instead of a non-whitespace to a space

Example: #sort-T:-K 3-n/etc/passwd, put the 3rd field in the/etc/passwd file, sort the display by a string

#uniq Display

[[Email protected] ~]# uniq --help Usage: uniq [option]... [file]filter adjacent  matching lines from input  (or standard input),writing to output  ( Or standard output). with no options, matching lines are merged to the first  Occurrence. mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short  options too.  -c, --count             Displays the number of rows in the text   -d, --repeated         shows duplicate rows    -D, --all-repeated[=METHOD]   Show all duplicate rows                             groups can be delimited with an empty line                           method={none (default),prepend,separate}  -w, --check-chars=n     does not control the contents of the n  characters after each line

# WC   display lines, words, bytes

[Email protected] ~]# WC--help usage: WC [option] ...　[File] ... Or: WC [options] ...--files0-from=f-c,--bytes print the byte counts, shows the number of bytes-M,--chars print the Charac                   ter counts-l,--lines print the newline counts-l,--max-line-length shows the longest line length-W,--words Show Word Count

Example: #wc-L/ETC/PASSWD, showing the number of rows in/etc/passwd

# tr  convert or delete characters

[[Email protected] ~]# tr --help Usage: tr [option]... set1 [set2] Replace, reduce, and/or delete characters from standard input , and writes the results to standard output.   -d, --delete                    Delete matches set1  content, do not replace   -s, --squeeze-repeats  if match SET1   characters in the input sequence exist in continuous                                   Repeat, will be uniformly shrunk to one character length at the time of substitution   -t, --truncate-set1             set1  The length of the first and set2  equal       --help              Display this help message and exit       --version           display version information and exit   [:alnum:]      All the letters and numbers  &NBSP [:alpha:]      all the letters   [:blank:]      all white space characters in horizontal order   [:cntrl:]      all control characters   [:d igit:]      All numbers   [:graph:]      all printable characters, not including spaces   [:lower:]       All lowercase letters   [:p rint:]      all printable characters, including spaces   [:p unct:]       All punctuation characters   [:space:]      all white-space characters that are arranged horizontally or vertically   [ :upper:]      All capital letters   [:xdigit:]     all hexadecimal numbers    [= character =]       All characters equal to the specified character

Example: #tr ab AB </etc/passwd, replace a with a in the/etc/passwd file, B and B

Text view:

#cat Link and display

[[Email protected] ~]# ^c[[email protected] ~]# cat --help Usage: cat [options] ....  [file] ... Output the [file] or standard input combination to the standard output.   -A, --show-all            equals-vet   -b, --number-nonblank     number of non-null output lines   -e                         equals-ve  -e, --show-ends           displays "$" at the end of each line   -n, --number              Numbering all lines of output   -s, --squeeze-blank       not outputting multiple lines of blank lines   -t                          and-vt  equivalent   -t, --show-tabs           to display the ^i character as the Jump cell 

Reverse display of #tac (cat's reverse)

#more split screen display, turn back screen, do not support forward

#less split screen display, support forward and backward flip screen

#head: View Top N rows

-N Displays rows

#tail: Show the following n rows

-N Displays the last n rows

-F View the end of the file and wait for the new content appended to this file to be displayed

[[email protected] ~]# more /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash.../null:/sbin/ nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:privilege-separated ssh:/var/empty/ Sshd:/sbin/nologin[[email protected] ~]# less /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash ... daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74: Privilege-separated ssh:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin[[email protected] ~]# head -1  /etc/passwd      #显示第一行root: x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash[[email protected]  ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd    #显示最后一行sshd: X:74:74:privilege-separated ssh :/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root :/bin/bash...daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74: Privilege-separated ssh:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin[[email protected] ~]# tac /etc/passwdsshd:x:74:74:privilege-separated  ssh:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin...root:x:0:0:root:/root:/ bin/bash[[email protected] ~]#

Crtl + C abort symbol, force end of text or command not displayed

This article is from the "Wish_" blog, be sure to keep this source http://itwish.blog.51cto.com/11439802/1961986

Linux Learning Notes-text management commands and related options