Linux operation and maintenance of the road to the network of Basic Learning Note 1.1

Network Fundamentals 1.1

Detailed interpretation of TCP/IP:

Introduction to TCP/IP protocol:

TCP/IP is the most widely supported set of communication protocols

---includes standard protocols in a large number of Internet applications;

---support cross-network architecture, communication across operating system platforms;

Three elements for communication between host and host:

---IP address,---subnet mask,---IP routing;

IP Address Overview:

Function: Used to identify a node of the network address;

Address composition (dotted decimal):

---Altogether 32 2 binary

---expressed in 4 decimal digits, separated by a dot

Classification of IP addresses:

Class A subnet mask default 255.0.0.0 starting with 1-126

Class B starts with a 128-191 subnet mask default 255.255.0.0

Class C begins subnet mask default 255.255.255.0 with 192-223

Class D with no subnet mask starting at 224-239

Class e no subnet mask starting with 240-255

Gateway:

--the gateway from one network to another

--usually a router, or a firewall/access server

Public address: Also known as public network address

-Assigned by Internetnic (Internet Information Center);

-Must be applied/registered with the NIC and approved for use;

--Applies to the Internet and belongs to the WAN address;

Private address: Also known as the exclusive network address

--Reserved for internal network, use without application;

--Apply to the LAN, through the gateway to access the Internet;

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Windows: Change computer name and workgroup name;

Operation Steps:

--Start---Control Panel---system----Click "Change Settings"---Select Change---Change the restart to take effect;

TCP/IP parameter settings:

Mode one (Get IP address automatically)

--windows Server 2008 Default mode

--Temporary address 169.254.0.0/16

Mode two (manually configure the IP address)

Increase the burden of administrators, error prone, suitable for enterprise internal server use;

To configure the IP address operation steps:

--Right-click the Desktop Network---Properties---change adapter settings;

--double-click the local Area Connection---properties---Double-click--tvp/ipv4

Click OK when the configuration is complete.

To view the IP active configuration:

Start---Control Panel----Network and Sharing Center---Change adapter settings--

Double-click Local Area Connection---details
To view a valid IP configuration with a command:

Run command: ipconfig----ipconfig/all

To test network connectivity using the ping command:

Loopback test:(ping127.0.0.1)-------Verify that the TCP/IP protocol driver is healthy

The Network connectivity test:

--ping IP addresses of other computers in the same network segment

--ping the IP address of the default gateway

Remote Connectivity Testing:

--ping remote hosts located in other networks

-If this step succeeds, then the loopback test, the network connectivity test can be ignored, otherwise you can perform the inspection in turn.

Loopback test Results:

Ensure that the TCP/IP protocol is installed;

The data packets of TCP/IP protocol can be sent and received normally;

The ability to successfully connect to the target host;

Ping Request timeout: Reason analysis

Cause: The target may turn on the firewall, the two hosts are not connected to the same network;

Workaround: View or close the target host firewall, and check whether two hosts are bridged to the same network;

Ping indicates transmission failure: cause analysis

Cause: The correct gateway address is not specified;

Solution: Check whether the gateway is equipped, and see if the gateway address and native address are in the same network segment;

Network access failure: Cause analysis

Cause: DNS cannot perform domain name resolution

WORKAROUND: pingwww.baidu.com See if it can be ping, it is not possible to check the local DNS server address configuration is correct

This article is from the "13391400" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://13401400.blog.51cto.com/13391400/1975342

Linux operation and maintenance of the road to the network of Basic Learning Note 1.1