Linux Operations Common commands

1. Linux boot process

Power-on and BIOS-on-boot, bootloader lilo or grub--> kernel boot (kernel boot)--Execute init (rc.sysinit, RC)--Mingetty (set up terminal)--& Gt Shell

2, NIC binding multi-IP
# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.99 netmask 255.255.255.0
3. Set up DNS, gateway
# echo "NameServer 202.16.53.68" >>/etc/resolv.conf
# route add default GW 192.168.1.1
4, eject, recover the optical drive
# Eject
# EJECT-T
5. Query yesterday's date with date
# date--date=yesterday
6, query file1 inside the line number of empty line
# grep ^$ File
7. Query File1 the line ending with ABC
# grep abc$ file1
8, print out the File1 file 1th to the third line
# sed-n ' 1,3p ' file1
# head-3 File1
9. Empty files
# True > 1.txt
# echo "" > 1.txt
# > 1.txt
# Cat/dev/null > 1.txt
10. Delete all empty directories
# Find/data-type d-empty-exec rm-rf {};
11, Linux under the bulk delete empty files (size equals 0 files) method
# Find/data-type F-size 0c-exec rm-rf {};
# Find/data-type F-size 0c|xargs rm–f
12. Delete files from five days ago
# find/data-mtime +5-type f-exec rm-rf {};
13. Delete the duplicate parts of two files, print other
# cat 1.txt 3.txt |sort |uniq
14. Capturing the host name of the remote server
# echo ' ssh $IP cat/etc/sysconfig/network|awk-f = '/hostname/{print $} '
15, real-time monitoring network card traffic (install iftop)
#/usr/local/iftop/sbin/iftop-i Eth1-n
16. View the system version
# lsb_release-a
17, forced to kick out the landing user
# pkill-kill-t PTS/1
18, Tar add backup, restore
# tar-g KING-ZCVF kerry_full.tar.gz Kerry
# tar-g KING-ZCVF kerry_diff_1.tar.gz Kerry
# tar-g KING-ZCVF kerry_diff_2.tar.gz Kerry
# TAR-ZXVF Kerry_full.tar.gz
# TAR-ZXVF Kerry_diff_1.tar.gz
# TAR-ZXVF Kerry_diff_2.tar.gz
19, forwarding the local 80 port request to 8080 port, the current host external network IP is 202.96.85.46
-A prerouting-d 202.96.85.46-p tcp-m tcp--dport 80-j DNAT--to-destination 192.168.9.10:8080
20, in November, every day in the morning 6 to 12, every 2 hours to perform a/usr/bin/httpd.sh.
# CRONTAB-E
0 6-12/2 */usr/bin/httpd.sh
21. View the process that occupies port 8080
# NETSTAT-TNLP | grep 8080
lsof-i:8080
22, in the shell environment, how to see how long the remote Linux system has been running?
# SSH [email protected] Monitored host IP "uptime"
23. View CPU Usage Commands
Refreshes every 5 seconds with data on the right-most CPU occupancy
# Vmstat 5

Top then press Shift+p to sort by process processor occupancy
# Top
24. View memory Usage commands
Use the free command to view memory usage
# free-m

Top and then press Shift+m to sort by process memory usage
# Top
25. View disk I/O
Use Iostat to see disk I/O for disk/DEV/SDC3, refreshed every two seconds
# iostat-d-X/DEV/SDC3 2
26. Repair File System
# FSCK–YT EXT3/
-t specifies the file system
-Y answer Yes to the problem found automatically
27. The read command automatically exits after 5 seconds
# READ-T 5
28. What does GREP-E-P mean
-E,--EXTENDED-REGEXP uses extended regular expressions.
-p,--perl-regexp using Perl Regular expressions
29, vi Editor (related to modify, add, find)
Insert mode
I insert before cursor
I Insert the beginning of the cursor
A after the cursor is inserted
A Cursor Line End insertion
o Insert a row below the line where the cursor is inserted
O insert a row on the line where the cursor is inserted, beginning with
G moves to the beginning of the last line
NG moves to the beginning of the nth row
n+ down n lines, beginning of line
N-row, beginning
: The/str/moves from the current to the right to the place with Str
:? str? Move from current to left to a place with Str
: S/str1/str2/replaces the first str1 found with str2
: S/str2/str2/g replaces all str1 found in the current row with str2
: N1,n2s/str1/str2/g replaces all str1 found from N1 line to N2 line with STR2
: 1,.s/str1/str2/g replaces all str1 from line 1th to the current row with str2
:., $s/str1/str2/g replace all str1 from the current row to the last row with str2
30. Copying files between Linux servers
Copy local file 1.sh to the/data/directory of the remote 192.168.9.10 server
# scp/etc/1.sh [Email protected].168.9.10:/data/

Copy Remote 192.168.9.10 server/data/2.sh file to local/data/directory
# SCP [Email protected]:/data/2.sh/data/
31. Use the SED command to change the test on line 23rd of the Test.txt file to Tset.
# sed-i ' 23s/test/tset/' test.txt
# sed-i ' s/test/tset/' test.txt
32. Enable the history command to show the time
# export histtimeformat= "%F%T"
33, how to view the target host 192.168.0.1 open those ports
# Nmap-ps 192.168.0.1
34. How to view network connection
# Netstat-n | awk '/^tcp/{++s[$NF]} END {for (a in S) print A, s[a]} '
35, how to view the current system used those library files
# ldconfig-v
36, how to view the driver version of the network card
# ethtool-i Eth0
37. Use Tcpdump to monitor 80 ports of TCP for host 192.168.0.1
# tcpdump TCP Port host 192.168.0.1
38, how to see other users of the mailing list
# Mial-u King
39, the large file for cutting
Split by 1000 lines per file
# split-l Httperr8007.log Httperr

Split according to 5m per file
# split-b 5m Httperr8007.log Httperr
40. Merging files
Remove the set of two files (duplicate lines are retained only one copy)
# Cat File1 File2 | Sort | Uniq

Remove the intersection of two files (leaving only files that exist in two files)
# Cat File1 File2 | Sort | Uniq-d

Delete the intersection and leave the other rows
# Cat File1 File2 | Sort | Uniq–u
41. Print the service running in text mode
# chkconfig--list|awk ' $5~/on/{print $1,$5} '
42. Delete the 0-byte file
# Find-type F-size 0-exec rm-rf {};
43, view the process, by memory from large to small arrangement
# PS-E-O "%c:%p:%z:%a" |sort-k5-nr
44. View the number of concurrent requests for HTTP and their TCP connection status
# Netstat-n | awk '/^tcp/{++s[$NF]} END {for (a in S) print A, s[a]} '
45. Get the IP address
# ifconfig eth0|sed-n ' 2p ' |awk ' {print $} ' |cut-c 6-30

The Perl implementation obtains the IP address:
# Ifconfig-a | Perl-ne ' if (m/^s*inet (?: Addr:)? ( [D.] +). *?cast/) {print QQ ($1n); exit 0;} '
46. Get Memory Size
# free-m |grep "Mem" | awk ' {print $} '
47. View the number of CPU cores
# Cat/proc/cpuinfo |GREP-C Processor
48. View disk Usage
# df-h
49. See how many php-cgi processes are active
# NETSTAT-ANP | grep php-cgi | grep ^tcp | Wc-l
50. View hardware manufacturer
# dmidecode-s System-product-name

Original link: https://www.douban.com/note/526768245/

Linux Operations Common commands