Linux Package management rpm Yum DNF

Linux Package Management:

• Package Manager Features: Packaging, package management (install, upgrade, uninstall, query, checksum)

• Currently, there are two common tools that are commonly used in Linux.

  • Deb:debian Linux uses include Ubuntu
    

  • Rpm:redhat package Manager, CentOS, etc. in use

• The composition of the package:

  • Binaries:/bin,/sbin,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin

  • Library files:/lib64,/USR/64

  • Configuration file:/etc

  • Help files: Manual, Info

• Package Manager:

  • Packaging: A source file, a single archive file

  • Install: Release files to the appropriate path

  • Uninstall: Collect all related file deletions

  • Upgrade: Update Related files

  • Query: Query Package related information

  • Checksum: The source legitimacy and completeness of the package

RPM Package:

• RPM Packaging: The package Rpmbuild tool is packaged according to various rules based on the specs file.

• Subcontracting mechanism: A program contains a variety of functions, which may have only a few functions commonly used, several functions are occasionally used, several functions are rarely used, the program functions are packaged separately, divided into core packages and support packages.

  • Core Pack: Software-version

  • Support Package: Software-devel-version

• RPM Package naming mechanism:

  • name-version-release.arch.rpm

    5 fields

    Name: Package Name

    Version: Release information

Major.minor major version number. minor version number

Release: Number of Releases

ARCH: The right hardware platform i386, i586, i686, x86_64

Between package and package: There may be dependencies such as installing a B prior to installing a, installing C before installing B, and so on. RPM Database:/var/lib/rpm

Record package names, install generated files, verify information, dependencies, and so on.

How to get RPM packages

• Packages provided in the release version, typically in the packages directory on the disc
  

• Fedora-epel, organization revenue RPM package, formal, authoritative, security

• Official site of the project, such as the official site of TOMCAT,SVN
  

• Search Engine: Third-party delivery, attention to security issues

Http://rpmfind.net

Http://rpm.pbone.net

http://pkgs.org

RPM Command Implementation Package management

• Installation

  • RPM {-i|--install} [install-options] package_file ...

    -i:install

    -V: View detailed installation information;-VV,-VVV more detailed installation information

    -H: Show installation progress

  • install-options [--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepath OldPath] [--excludedocs] [--force] [-H,--Hash] [--ignoresiz   E] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos] [--includedocs] [--JUSTDB] [--nocollections] [--nodeps] [--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--noorder] [--noscripts]   [--notriggers] [--oldpackage] [--percent]   [--prefix NewPath]   [--relocate Oldpath=newpath] [--replacefiles]   [--replacepkgs] [--test]

--nodeps: Ignore dependencies, Force installation

--replacefiles: When a program is already installed, use this command to override the installation directly

--replacepkgs: Reinstall a software

--test: Test whether the software can be installed in the system

Example:

Upgrade:

• RPM {-u|--upgrade} [install-options] package_file ...
  RPM {-f|--freshen} [install-options] package_file ...

  -UVH: If an older version of the package is installed, it is updated to the new version and, if not, installed directly

  -FVH: If an older version of the package is installed, it is updated to the new version;

  Here you select [Install-options] with the option to install

  --oldpackage: Downgrade the program to install
  

Inquire

• RPM {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

-QA: Query all software installed on this machine

-Q: Query only if the specified software is installed

-qi: Query specific software details, developer, version, etc.

-QL: A list of all files generated by the query software installation

-QC: query Specifies the configuration file that the package installation generates

-Q--scripts: Query package related Footsteps

Preinstall: Pre-installation script

Postinstal: Post-installation script

Preuninstall: Pre-uninstall script

Postuninstall: Post-uninstallation script

-QP[ICDL]: Query For information that does not have software installed, with the same parameters as above

Example:

Unloading

• RPM {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]
  [--notriggers] [--test] Package_name ...
  
  

Check

• RPM {-v|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options

  -V: followed by the software name, if the file is modified in the software, it will be listed

  -va: List all files that have been changed on the system

  -VF: If a file has been altered

  S file size differs files are modified
  M Mode differs permissions and file types are modified
  5 Digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs MD5 content changed
  D device Major/minor number mismatch the master/Sub Code of the appliance has changed
  L Readlink (2) path mismatch link paths changed
  U User ownership differs file owner modified
  G group ownership differs file genus modified
  T MTime differs file creation time is modified
  P capabilities differ dependent relationship changes
  

  Example:
  

• Package Check

Source legitimacy Check: Asymmetric encryption (public key)

Integrity verification: one-way encryption

#该路径下存放了密钥 public key file [[email protected] packages]# ls/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-centos-7 rpm-gpg-key-centos-debug-7 Rpm-gpg-key-centos-testing-7

Import Key command:

RPM--import/path/to/key_file

Manual Check:

Rpm-k/path/to/rpm_file

• 
  

• 
  

Linux Package Management rpm Yum DNF