LINUX Redhat First Unit document

Enter the system

General User studnet:

Click Student Enter password to enter the normal user student

Super User root:

Click >not Listed

Enter Superuser username >root

Type the password >********

Language adjustment
Applications----->system Tools---->settings----->region & Language--->language

Open command line---> reboot

1. Line prompt

[Email protected] desktop]#
Root Current User root: Super User

@ delimiter

LocalHost host name

Desktop Current Working Directory

#: Super User $: Normal user

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2. Switch users

Super User switch Ordinary user [[email protected] desktop]# su-student

Exit normal user [[email protected] ~]$ exit

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Normal User Switch Super User

[Email protected] ~]$ Su-root
Password:

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Advanced users switch to low-level users do not require a password, low-level users switch to advanced or peer-to-user Switching requires a password

3. Virtual Console

Ctrl+alt+f (1|7) into the graph
Ctrl+alt+f (2~6) into the Virtual Console

Red hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.2 (Maipo) # #系统版本
Kernel 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 on a x86_64 # #内核版本, number of system bits

Desktop0 Login:root # #登陆用户名称输入
Password: # #密码输入无回显

4. Execution of the order

command must be entered after the line prompt

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Command format
Command parameter target

Example: Rm-rf-file

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CTRL +c # #撤销命名的执行
Command parameters
-Parameter # #单词缩写
--Parameter # #单词的全拼

5. Help with Commands
Whatis Command # #查看命令的功能
Command--help # #查看命令的帮助
[] # #选择加入的内容, can be added without
... # #加入的内容个数任意
<> # #内容在命令执行过程当中必须要加

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6. Basic methods of using the system

1) System Login

Graphical login mode: Mouse click user input password into the system

Text login mode: Gnome-session-quit--force (exiting the current system)

2) Working interface conversion

Ctrl+alt+ on the arrow keys (under the direction key)

3) Start bash

right mouse button select Open in Terminal

Applications>utilities>terminal

Gnome-terminal
Ctrl+shift+n # #在新窗口中打开shell
Ctrl+shift+t # #同一个窗口中打开新的tab
Exit: Exit | Ctrl+d

4) system shutdown, restart

Restart
Reboot immediate Restart

Init 6 Restart

Shutdown-r now set the world to restart
Shutdown
Poweroff immediately shut down the machine

Init 0 shutdown

Shutdown-h now set time off

5) Lock Screen

CTRL + Alt +l Rhel 7.0

Win + L Rhel 7.2

Simple system commands

1) Date

Watch-n-1 Date let the command execute once per second

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Date 03301110 sets the time to March 30 11:10

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date-d +xday-xday view x days ago or X Diva time

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+%.... Set the output format for date date--help to learn more about

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2) passwd

passwd Modifying user passwords

A.root Users

Change root password

[Email protected] ~]# passwd root
Changing password for user root.
New Password:
Bad password:the PASSWORD fails the dictionary check-it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new Password:
Passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully.

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Modify a normal user

[Email protected] ~]# passwd student
Changing password for user student.
New Password:
Bad Password:the PASSWORD is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new Password:
Passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully.

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B. Normal user Password change

Normal user cannot modify root user password

[Email protected] ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user student.
changing password for student.
(current) UNIX Password: Enter the current password
New Password: Enter password
Bad Password:the PASSWORD is shorter than 7 characters password must be greater than 7 characters
New Password: Re-enter password
Bad password:the PASSWORD fails the dictionary check-it is too simplistic/systematic
New Password: Re-enter password
Retype new password: Enter once
Passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully. Success

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passwd parameter User name
-S student # #用户密码信息
--status Student
-L Student # #锁定帐号
-U student # #解锁
-N 1 Student # #设定密码最短有效期
-X Student # #设定密码最长有效期
-W 3 Student # #警告期
-I 2 student # #设定用户非活跃天数
-D Student # #清除用户密码
Monitoring passwd Password Information
Watch-n 1 passwd-s Student

[[email protected] ~]# passwd-s student
Student PS 2017-03-30 0 99999 7-1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
[[email protected] ~]# passwd-l student
Locking password for user student.
Passwd:success
[[email protected] ~]# passwd-u student
Unlocking password for user student.
Passwd:success
[[email protected] ~]# passwd-n 1 student
Adjusting aging data for user student.
Passwd:success
[[email protected] ~]# passwd-n 999 student
Adjusting aging data for user student.
Passwd:success
[[email protected] ~]# passwd-w student
Adjusting aging data for user student.
Passwd:success
[[email protected] ~]# passwd-i 2 student
Adjusting aging data for user student.
Passwd:success
[[email protected] ~]# passwd-d student
Removing password for user student.
Passwd:success

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3) file

File file name view files type

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4) Viewing of files

Cat filename # #显示文件的全部内容
Less file # #分页浏览, press "Q" to exit
Head FileName # #显示一个文件的前几行
Head-n 5 FileName # #前五行
Tail filename # #显示文件后几行
Tail-n 5 FileName # #显示一个文件的后5行

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5) WC Statistics file capacity information

Wc-l Number of rows
-W Words
-C byte number
-M character Count

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6) History

History # #显示历史
HOSTORY-C # #清除当前环境当中的历史命令
！ Number # #执行第多少行命令
！ Letter # #执行最近一条以这个字母开头的命令
CTRL +r + keywords # #执行最近一条含有这个关键字的命令
Down Key # #逐行调用命令

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7) Linux shortcut keys

Around # #一个字符一个字符移动
CTRL + Around # #一个字一个字移动
CTRL + A # #光标移动到行首
+ E # #光标移动到行尾
+ U # #光标所在位置删除到行首
+ k # #光标所在位置删除到行尾
+ r+ keyword # #调出最近一条含有关键字的命令
+ C # #撤销以输入的命令
+ D # #关闭当前环境
+ L # #清空屏幕
+ SHIFT + C # #复制
+ SHIFT + V # #粘贴
+ SHIFT + t # #在现有shell中重新打开一个table
+ SHIFT + N # #在shell中打开一个新的shell
+ SHIFT + Pageup|pagedown # #切换table
+ ALT + L # # Lock Screen
+ ALT + top | down # #切换工作界面
+ ALT + F1|f7 # #进入图形界面
+ ALT + F2-f6 # #进入虚拟控制台

LINUX Redhat First Unit document