Linux system settings and basic operations

Linux system settings and basic operations

The following describes the basic usage, operating commands, and directory structure of Linux!

• Linux Operating Methods

  Graphical interface: RHEL6 uses the GNOME Desktop Environment pseudo character terminal by default:
  The program corresponding to the pseudo character terminal in the graphic desktop environment: gnome-terminal will
  Character interface: switching between the GUI and the character Interface
  Graphical interface-character terminal: Ctrl + Alt + Fn
  Use Ctrl + Alt + Shift + Fn in the VMware Environment
  Character terminal-character terminal: Alt + Fn
  Character terminal-graphical interface: Alt + F7

• Linux directory structure

Directory	Content
/Boot	Stores the files required for system startup, including kernel files and Startup Menu configuration files. Separate partitions are recommended.
/Bin	Stores the most basic configuration commands in linux, and normal users have the permission to execute
/Dev	Stores linux hard drive, keyboard, mouse, optical drive, and other Device Files
/Etc	Used to store various configuration files in linux
/Home	The Home Directory of common users. Common users cannot access each other. We recommend that you separate the directories.
/Root	Root's home directory
/Sbin	Stores the most basic management commands in linux. Generally, the command can be executed only with administrator privileges.
/Usr	Stores other user applications, which are usually divided into many sub-directories for storing different types of applications
/Var	Store frequently-changing files in the system, such as logs, emails, and scheduled tasks. We recommend that you partition the files separately.
/Tmp	Temporary directory to store temporary files running by the System
/Proc	Is an image directory in the system and does not occupy hard disk space.
/Media	It is often used to mount media files and CDs.

• Linux basic commands

Command	Description
Uname-r	View the kernel version
Uname-	All
Cat/proc/cpuinfo	View cpu Information
Cat/proc/meminf	View memory information
Hostname	View host name and temporary modification
Ifconfig	View the active TCP/IP information. When viewing a single Nic, add the NIC name (for example, ifconfig eth0) after the command)
Shutdown-h now	Shutdown command
Halt
Init 0
Poweroff
Shutdown-r + 15 'The system will shutdown'	Indicates that The computer restarts after 15 minutes with The notification "The system will shutdown"
Shutdown-r now	Restart command
Reboot
Init 6
Shutdown-c	Terminate a shutdown task

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