Online collection: FreeBSD user manual serialization 1

FreeBSD documentation project

FreeBSD Chinese plan

Copyright 1995,199 6, 1997,199 8, 1999,200 0, 2001,200 2, 2003,200 4, 2005,200 6, 2007,200 8, 2009 The FreeBSD documentation project

Copyright 2003,200 4, 2005,200 6, 2007,200 8, 2009 FreeBSD Chinese plan

Welcome to FreeBSD! This Manual applies to installationFreeBSD 6.4-releaseAndFreeBSD 7.1-releaseAnd their daily use. This manual is currently composed of many peopleContinuousMaintenance. The content must be constantly updated. If you are interested in this project, please send an email to the FreeBSD document plan email list. The latest original English version of this document can be obtained from the FreeBSD web site (earlier versions of this manual can be found in http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc ), the latest translations maintained by FreeBSD Chinese plan can be obtained at the FreeBSD Chinese plan snapshot web site and FreeBSD Chinese plan document snapshot, which will be continuously synchronized to the main site. In addition, you can obtain the various formats and compressed versions of this document from FreeBSD's FTP server or many image sites. If you prefer a printed version of the manual, you can purchase it from FreeBSD Mall. You can also search for manuals.

[Unit mode/complete mode]

Directory

Preface

Part I. Start

Chapter 2 Introduction

1.1 Overview

1.2 welcome to FreeBSD!

1.3 FreeBSD Project

Chapter 4 install FreeBSD

2.1 Overview

2.2 hardware requirements

2.3 preparations before installation

2.4 Installation started

2.5 sysinstall

2.6 allocate disk space

2.7 select the software package to install

2.8 select the installation media you want to use

2.9 installation confirmation

2.10 configuration after installation

2.11 FAQs

2.12 advanced Installation Guide

2.13 prepare your own installation media

Chapter 2 UNIX Basics

3.1 Overview

3.2 virtual console and terminal

3.3 Permissions

3.4 directory Architecture

3.5 disk Organization

3.6 mount and detach a File System

Process 3.7

3.8 daemon process, signal and kill Process

3.9 Shells

3.10 Text Editor

3.11 devices and device nodes

3.12 binary file format

3.13 get more information

Chapter 4 install applications: packages and ports

4.1 Overview

4.2 software installation Preview

4.3 find the application you want

4.4 use the package system

4.5 Use ports collection

4.6 what should I do after installation?

4.7 how to handle bad ports

Chapter 2 X Window System

5.1 Overview

5.2 understand X

5.3 Install X11

5.4 configure X11

5.5 use fonts in X11

5.6 X Display Manager

5.7 desktop environment

Part II. Common Tasks

Chapter 2 desktop applications

6.1 Overview

6.2 Browser

6.3 office, image processing

6.4 document Viewer

6.5 Finance

6.6 conclusion

Chapter 4 multimedia

7.1 Overview

7.2 Install sound card

7.3 MP3 audio

7.4 video playback

7.5 install a TV card

7.6 image scanner

Chapter 4 configure FreeBSD Kernel

8.1 Overview

8.2 why do we need to build a customized kernel?

8.3 system hardware discovered

8.4 kernel drivers, subsystems and modules

8.5 create and install a customized kernel

8.6 configuration file

8.7 What should I do if something goes wrong?

Chapter 2 Printing

9.1 Overview

9.2 Introduction

9.3 Basic settings

9.4 Advanced Settings

9.5 use a printer

9.6 replace standard background Printing

9.7 difficult issues

Chapter 2 Linux binary compatibility

10.1 Overview

10.2 Installation

10.3 install Mathematica

10.4 install maple

10.5 install MATLAB

10.6 install Oracle

10.7 install sap r/3

10.8 advanced topics

Part III. System Management

Chapter 2 settings and adjustments

11.1 Overview

11.2 Initial Configuration

11.3 core Configuration

11.4 application configuration

11.5 start the service

11.6 Configuration Cron

11.7 use RC in FreeBSD

11.8 set Nic

11.9 VM

11.10 configuration file

11.11 use sysctl for Adjustment

11.12 adjust Disk

11.13 adjust kernel limits

11.14 Add a swap space

11.15 power supply and Resource Management

11.16 use and debug FreeBSD ACPI

Chapter 4 FreeBSD pilot process

12.1 Overview

12.2 guiding issues

12.3 Boot manager and various boot phases

12.4 kernel interaction during boot

12.5 device hints

12.6 init: Process Control and initialization

12.7 Shutdown

Chapter 4 user and basic Account Management

13.1 Overview

13.2 Introduction

13.3 Super User Account

13.4 SYSTEM account

13.5 User Account

13.6 modify an account

13.7 restrict users from using system resources

13.8 groups

Chapter 4 Security

14.1 Overview

14.2 Introduction

14.3 ensure FreeBSD Security

14.4 des, blowfish, MD5, and crypt

14.5 one-time password

14.6 TCP Wrappers

14.7 Kerberosiv

14.8 Kerberos5

14.9 OpenSSL

14.10 VPN on IPSec

14.11 OpenSSH

14.12 file system access control table

14.13 monitoring third-party security issues

14.14 FreeBSD Security Announcement

14.15 process accounting

Chapter 4 jails

15.1 Overview

15.2 terms related to jail

15.3 Introduction

15.4 create and control jail

15.5 fine-tuning and Management

15.6 jail applications

Chapter 4 force Access Control

16.1 Summary

16.2 important terms in this Chapter

16.3 about Mac

16.4 understand Mac labels

16.5 configure Security

16.6 module configuration

16.7 Mac seeotheruids Module

16.8 Mac bsdextended Module

16.9 Mac ifoff Module

16.10 Mac portacl Module

16.11 Mac partition (partition) Module

16.12 multi-level Mac Security Module

16.13 Mac Biba Module

16.14 Mac lomac Module

16.15 Nagios in MAC jail

16.16 user lock down

16.17 troubleshooting of MAC framework

Chapter 4 Security Event Audit

17.1 Overview

17.2 some key terms in this Chapter

17.3 install audit support

17.4 configure Audit

17.5 Management Audit Subsystem

Chapter 2 Storage

18.1 Overview

18.2 device name

18.3 Add a disk

18.4 raid

18.5 USB storage device

18.6 create and use optical media (cd)

18.7 create and use an optical media (DVD)

18.8 create and use a floppy disk

18.9 backup with a tape drive

18.10 backup with a floppy disk

18.11 backup policy

18.12 backup program

18.13 Virtual File Systems with network, memory, and image files as media

18.14 File System Snapshot

18.15 file system quota

18.16 encrypt Disk Partitions

18.17 encrypt the swap Zone

Chapter 2 Geom: Modular disk transformation framework

19.1 Overview

19.2 Geom Introduction

19.3 raid0-strip

19.4 raid1-Image

19.5 Geom gate network device

19.6 Add a volume label for the disk device

19.7 use Geom to implement UFS logs

Chapter 4 File System Support

20.1 Overview

20.2 Z File System

Chapter 2 vinum volume Management Program

21.1 Overview

21.2 disk capacity is too small

21.3 access bottleneck

21.4 Data Integrity

21.5 vinum target

21.6 examples

21.7 object naming

21.8 configure vinum

21.9 use vinum as the root file system

Chapter 2 Virtualization

22.1 Overview

22.2 as the FreeBSD of the customer's OS

22.3 FreeBSD as the host OS

Chapter 2 localization-i18n/l10n usage and settings

23.1 Overview

23.2 basic knowledge

23.3 use a localized Language

23.4 compile the i18n Program

23.5 localized FreeBSD

Chapter 4 update and upgrade FreeBSD

24.1 Overview

24.2 FreeBSD update

24.3 portsnap: A port collection Update Tool

24.4 update the documents attached to the System

24.5 tracking Development Branch

24.6 synchronize your source code

24.7 re-compile "world"

24.8 tracking multiple machines

Chapter 4 dtrace

25.1 Overview

25.2 Implementation differences

25.3 enable dtrace support

25.4 use dtrace

25.5 D Language

Part IV. Network Communication

Chapter 3 Serial Communication

26.1 Overview

26.2 Introduction

Terminal 26.3

26.4 dial-in service

26.5 outbound Device

26.6 set the serial port console

Chapter 4 PPP and slip

27.1 Overview

27.2 use user-level PPP

27.3 kernel-level PPP

27.4 PPPConnection troubleshooting

27.5 use Ethernet-based PPP (pppoe)

27.6 use PPP(Pppoa)

27.7 use slip

Chapter 4 email

28.1 Overview

28.2 use email

28.3 SendmailConfiguration

28.4 change your email transmission agent

28.5 troubleshooting

28.6 advanced topics

28.7 SMTP and uucp

28.8 configure email sending only

28.9 use email for dial-up connection

28.10 SMTP Verification

28.11 email user proxy

28.12 use fetchmail

28.13 use procmail

Chapter 4 network server

29.1 Summary

29.2 Inetd"Super server"

29.3 Network File System (NFS)

29.4 Network Information Service (NIS/yp)

29.5 automatic network configuration (DHCP)

29.6 Domain Name System (DNS)

29.7 Apache HTTP Server

29.8 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

29.9 file and print services (Samba) for Microsoft Windows clients)

29.10 Clock Synchronization Through NTP

29.11 use SyslogdLogs of remote hosts

Chapter 4 Firewall

30.1 Quick Start

30.2 concept of Firewall

30.3 firewall software package

30.4 OpenBSD packet filter (PF) and altq

30.5 ipfilter (IPF) Firewall

30.6 ipfw

Chapter 2 advanced network

31.1 Overview

31.2 gateway and route

31.3 Wireless Network

Bluetooth 31.4

31.5 bridging

31.6 link aggregation and Failover

31.7 diskless operations

31.8 ISDN

31.9 Network Address Translation

31.10 interconnect cable IP (PLIP)

31.11 IPv6

31.12 asynchronous transmission mode (ATM)

31.13 common access redundancy protocol (CARP, shared address redundancy protocol)

Section V. Appendix

Appendix A. Obtain FreeBSD

A.1 CDRom and DVD publishers

A.2 FTP site

A.3 BitTorrent

A.4 anonymous CVs

A.5 use CTM

A.6 use CVSup

A.7 CVS tag

A.8 AFS site

A.9 rsync site

Appendix B. References

B .1 professional books and magazines on FreeBSD

B .2 User Guide

B .3 administrator Guide

B .4 Development Guide

B .5 operating system principles

B .6 references on Information Security

B .7 Hardware Reference

B .8 UNIX History

B .9 Various Journals

Appendix C. Internet Resources

C.1 Mail List

C.2 USENET newsgroup

C.3 World Wide Web Server

C.4 email address

Appendix D. PGP Public Key

D.1 Officer

D.2 core team members

D.3 developer

FreeBSD Glossary

Colophon

Table list

Table 2-1. Hardware Device List

Table 2-2. For the first hard disk partition

Table 2-3. partitions for other disks

Table 2-4. FreeBSD 6. XAnd 7. XISO image file name and meaning

Table 3-1. disk device code

Table 18-1. Naming rules for physical disks

Table 21-1. vinum plex organization diagram

Table 26-1. DB-25 to DB-25 null-modem cable

Table 26-2. DB-9 to DB-9 null-modem cable

Table 26-3. DB-9 to DB-25 null-modem cable

Table 26-4. Signal name

Table 31-1. parallel cable cabling for network connection

Table 31-2. Reserved IPv6 addresses

Illustration list

Figure 2-1. FreeBSD Boot Loader menu

Figure 2-2. Typical device detection results

Figure 2-3. Select the country and region menu

Figure 2-4. Select leave sysinstall

Figure 2-5. Select the usage project from the main menu of sysinstall

Figure 2-6. Select the description file menu

Figure 2-7. sysinstall description file menu

Figure 2-8. sysinstall Main Menu

Figure 2-9. sysinstall keyboard menu

Figure 2-10. sysinstall Main Menu

Figure 2-11. sysinstall option settings

Figure 2-12. Start Standard installation

Figure 2-13. Select the hard disk to be partitioned

Figure 2-14. A typical fdisk partition table before editing

Figure 2-15. Use the entire hard disk in the fdisk Partition

Figure 2-16. sysinstall multi-boot hypervisor

Figure 2-17. Select hard disk Screen

Figure 2-18. sysinstall disklabel Editor

Figure 2-19. sysinstall disklabel Editor-use automatic configuration

Figure 2-20. root directory Space

Figure 2-21. Edit the partition size

Figure 2-22. Select the root partition type

Figure 2-23. Select root contacts

Figure 2-24. sysinstall disklabel Editor

Figure 2-25. Select a software package

Figure 2-26. Confirm the software package you want to install

Figure 2-27. Select the installation media

Figure 2-28. Select a NIC Device

Figure 2-29. Configure the ed0 Interface

Figure 2-30. Edit Inetd. confConfiguration File

Figure 2-31. Default anonymous FTP Configuration

Figure 2-32. Edit FTP welcome information

Figure 2-33. Edit ExportsFile

Figure 2-34. System Terminal Configuration Options

Figure 2-35. Screen Saver options

Figure 2-36. Screen Protection time settings

Figure 2-37. Exit System Terminal Configuration

Figure 2-38. Select your region

Figure 2-39. Select your country

Figure 2-40. Select Your Time Zone

Figure 2-41. Select the mouse type

Figure 2-42. Set the mouse Protocol

Figure 2-43. Configure the mouse Port

Figure 2-44. Configure the mouse Port

Figure 2-45. Start the mouse service process

Figure 2-46. Test the mouse function

Figure 2-47. Select a package category

Figure 2-48. Select package

Figure 2-49. Install the pre-compiled software package

Figure 2-50. Confirm the pre-compiled package to be installed

Figure 2-51. Select a user

Figure 2-52. Add User Information

Figure 2-53. Exit user and group management

Figure 2-54. Exit Installation

Figure 2-55. Upper Layer configuration of Network Configuration

Figure 2-56. Select the default MTA

Figure 2-57. ntpdate Configuration

Figure 2-58. Lower-layer network configuration

Figure 21-1. concatenate an organizational unit

Figure 21-2. segment Organization

Figure 21-3. Raid-5 Organization

Figure 21-4. A simple vinum volume

Figure 21-5. Image vinum volume

Figure 21-6. Striped vinum volume

Figure 21-7. Image and striped vinum volume

Sample List

Example 2-1. Use an existing Partition

Example 2-2. Reduce existing partitions

Example 3-1. Names of disks, slice, and partition

Example 3-2. layout of a disk

Example 4-1. manually download a package locally and install it

Example 11-1. Create a swap file in FreeBSD

Example 12-1. Boot0Screenshots

Example 12-2. Boot2Screen output

Example 12-3: /Etc/TTYsFile insecure Console

Example 13-1. Add a new user to FreeBSD

Example 13-2. Delete a userDelete an account in interactive mode

Example 13-3: Execute with superuser Interaction ChpassCommand

Example 13-4: Run with normal user interaction ChpassCommand

Example 13-5. Change your password

Example 13-6. Change the passwords of other users as those of Super Users

Example 13-7. Use Pw (8) to add a group

Example 13-8. Use Pw (8) to set the group member list

Example 13-9. Use Pw (8) to add new members to the group

Example 13-10. Use Id (1) to determine group members.

Example 14-1. Use SSH to create a secure tunnel for SMTP

Example 18-1. Pass SSHUse Dump

Example 18-2. Set SSHEnvironment Variable RshUse Dump

Example 18-3. Create a shell script for starting a disk:

Example 18-4. Use MdconfigMount an existing image file

Example 18-5. Use MdconfigMount the image file as a file system

Example 18-6. Use MdmfsCommand to configure and mount an image file as a file system

Example 18-7. Use MdconfigCreate a new memory disk device

Example 18-8. Use MdmfsTo create a memory Media File System

Example 19-1. label the boot disk

Example 26-1. /Etc/TTYsAdding terminal records

Example 28-1. Configuration SendmailDatabase

Example 28-2. email alias

Example 28-3. Example of virtual domain email ing

Example 29-1. Reload InetdConfiguration File

Example 29-2. Pass AMDTo mount the exported file system

Example 29-3. Install Django, apache2, mod_python3, and PostgreSQL

Example 29-4. Configure Apache in Django/mod_python

Example 31-1. lacp link aggregation with CISCO switches

Example 31-2. failover mode

Example 31-3. Local office or home network

Example 31-4. Main office or other networks

Example A-1. Check out something from-current (LS (1 )):

Sample A-2. Check out the entire Src/Code tree:

Sample A-3. Check out the LS (1) version in the 6-stable Branch:

Example A-4. Create a list of changes for LS (1) (with standard diff)

Example A-5. Find out other module names that can be used: