Operating system experiment 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system

Source: Internet
Author: User

Understanding and familiarity with the operating system

Major: Business Software engineering Class 2 name: Gan Jiaping No.: 201406114207

Definitions and concepts of computer operating systems:

Operating System Definition: The operating system is an indispensable system software in modern computer systems, and is the foundation of all other system software and application software. The operating system controls and manages the hardware and software resources of the whole computer system, and provides a convenient, safe and reliable working environment for the user to use the computer.

The composition of the computer system: A complete computer system, whether mainframe, minicomputer or microcomputer, consists of two parts, namely computer hardware and computer software. Bare Metal: A computer without software configuration is called bare metal (that is, computer hardware); a virtual machine: a machine that covers the software is called a virtual machine (that is, an extender).

Computer hardware definition: computer hardware refers to a computer system consisting of electronic, mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic components of various components and equipment, these components and equipment according to the requirements of the structure of the computer system to form an organic whole. Consists of an operator, a controller, a memory, an input device, and an output device.

Operators: The main function is to perform arithmetic and logical operations on the data; Controller: The main function is to follow the requirements of the machine code procedures, the control of the computer functional components work in unison. That is, the instructions in the program are removed from the memory, the instruction is analyzed and interpreted, and the various timing control signals required to execute the instruction are issued to other functional parts, and then the next instruction is removed from the memory, so it runs continuously until the program is executed. Memory: The main function is to store binary information; input device: The main function is to transform the user information into a computer can recognize and process the binary information form; output device: The main function is to transform the binary information in the computer into the information form that the user needs and can recognize; The central processor is the integration of the controller and the arithmetic, Called a central processor.

Computer software definition: computer software refers to the computer hardware to complete a certain task of the program and its data. Composition: System software and application software system software includes operating system, compiling program, editing program, database management system, etc. application software includes programs for various application mothers, such as medical systems, e-commerce, etc.

The purpose of introducing the operating system is to provide an interface between computer user and computer hardware system, make computer system more easy to use, effectively control and manage the resources of various software and hardware in computer system, make it more efficient use, and organize the workflow of computer system reasonably to improve the system performance.

Classification of operating systems:

The operating system can be divided into different types depending on the functionality, characteristics, size, and application environment provided by the operating system. Job: A set of tasks that a user requires a computer system to work on during a problem solving or a transactional process, including user programs, required data, and commands.

Batch processing operating system. The definition of a single-channel batch system: The user gives the job to the system operator, the system operator composes multiple user jobs into a batch of inputs and transmits it to the external memory, and then the batch system chooses one of the jobs to be transferred into the memory and runs it in a certain way, and the job runs or errors fail to continue. The information is output by the system and the next job is run, repeating the process until all the jobs are processed. Definition: In batch processing system introduced multi-channel program design technology to form a multi-channel batch processing system, in this system, not only can have multi-channel operation in memory at the same time, and the job can be accepted into the system at any time, and stored in the external memory to form a job queue, The operating system then schedules one or more jobs from the job queue to run into memory, on a certain basis. Features: Users use computers offline, batch processing, multi-channel program operation. Advantages: The system resource utilization is high, the job throughput is large. Cons: No interactivity.

Time-sharing operating system. Definition: The use of time-sharing technology in the operating system to form a tick. Time-sharing technology is to divide the operating time of the processor into a very short time slice, in turn, the processor assigned to each online operation. If a job cannot complete its calculations within the time allotted to it, the job temporarily stops running, giving the processor to another job and waiting for the next round to continue. Because the processor is fast, the time slice is very short (such as hundreds of milliseconds), the operation rotation is also very fast, giving each user the feeling as if they own a computer. Characteristics: Simultaneous: Refers to allowing multiple end users to use a computer at the same time; interactivity: The user can easily engage in human-machine dialogue with the system; Independence: The user can operate independently of each other in the system, without interfering with each other; timeliness: User requests can get a response in a very short period of time. Advantages: interactivity, simultaneous, timeliness, independence. Disadvantage: Poor real-time.

Real-time operating system. Definition: In order to meet the real-time requirements of some computer applications, a real-time operating system has been developed. The real-time system responds to external events in a timely manner, completes processing of the event within a specified time, and controls all real-time devices and real-time tasks to work in unison. Characteristics: Timely response, high reliability. Advantages: Good real-time. Cons: Expensive. Application: Real-time control system: real-time control system refers to the computer-centered production process Control system, also known as computer control system. In the real-time control system, the computer is required to collect the field data in real time, and to deal with them in time, and then automatically control the corresponding executing mechanism, so that certain parameters can change or remain unchanged according to the predetermined law, in order to achieve the purpose of guaranteeing product quality and increasing output. For example: Automatic control of iron and steel smelting, automatic control of refinery production process, automatic control in flight process, etc. real-time information Processing system: Isuanji timely receive the service request from the remote terminal, retrieve and process the information according to the questions raised by the user. And in a very short period of time to make the right response to the user. For example: Ticket ordering system, information retrieval system and so on.

General operating system. Definition: Batch processing system, time-sharing system and realtime system are three basic types of operating system, if an operating system has the function of batch system, time-sharing system and realtime system, then the operating system is general operating system.

Embedded operating system. Definition: The whole intelligent chip (mobile devices, information appliances, intelligent machinery embedded in a variety of microprocessors or control chips) and its control of the various components of the module and other resources for unified scheduling, only and control system software called embedded operating system. Features: High reliability, real-time performance, low-cost, less-occupied resources.

PC operating system. Definition: PC operating system mainly provides personal use, powerful, inexpensive, almost anywhere can be installed and used to meet the average person's work, learning, games and other requirements. Features: Human-computer interaction, friendly interface, easy to use.

Multiprocessor operating system. Definition: An operating system consisting of multiple processors (operators + controllers). Characteristics: fast operation speed.

Network operating system. Definition: is a computer network-based operating system, is a variety of computer operating systems according to the Network Topology System architecture protocol development software, including network management, communications, resource sharing, system security and various network application services, the purpose is to communicate with each other and resource sharing. Characteristics: Distribution: The computer network is an interconnected group, the computers are scattered in various places; autonomy: Every computer on the network can do its job on its own; interconnection: interconnection of computers from different locations to achieve the purpose of resource sharing and network communication ; Visibility: Resources in a computer network are visible to other users.

Distributed operating system. Definition: Distributed operating system refers to a plurality of decentralized processing units connected by the Internet system, wherein each processing unit is highly up-to-date and co-ordinated, can be implemented in the system-wide resource management, task dynamic allocation, and can run the distributed program in parallel. Features: Uniformity: All hosts are required to use the same operating system; Sharing: All the resources in the distributed system can be shared by all users in the system; Transparency: Users do not know that distributed systems are running on multiple computers, and that the entire distributed system in the user's eyes is like a computer, This means that the system is transparent to the user; Autonomy: multiple hosts in a distributed system are in equal position.

Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems:

DOS diskoperating system is also called DOS, Chinese full name "Disk operating system". Pros: Fast, skilled users can accomplish some tedious tasks by creating a bat or cmd batch file. Fast, safe, and inexpensive. Disadvantage: The daily application function is not rich, (no graphical interface) command line operation is not intuitive, the device support is relatively small. Most programs in many devices cannot be executed in a DOS environment.

Windows released on October 25, 2001, the original name is Whistler. In early July 2011, Microsoft said it would completely remove technical support for Windows XP in the spring of 2014. Advantages: Good graphical interface, with a good integrated development environment, easy to operate. Provides a scalable, high-performance platform. Integration of common application software, simple, fast, convenient. Suitable for computer city sales personnel and maintenance of rapid installation. Disadvantage: System update backward, more loopholes, unstable, vulnerable to viruses and trojan attacks; The software version is low, it is necessary to uninstall the upgrade by itself; All software and programs are preinstalled on the C drive, aggravating the system burden, even if uninstalled, there are still a lot of debris files, easy to slow down the system.

UNIX UNIX is a powerful multi-user, multi-tasking operating system, supporting a variety of processor architectures, according to the classification of operating systems, belong to the time-sharing system. Advantage: Because of the accompanying source code, the user can analyze it and change it. The file system is small and simple. All devices are represented by a file, and the device can be accessed using the same command and system call set as the processing file. is portable. Cons: The standard 1/o Library of UNIX Systems has become more complex than its underlying system invocation interface. The traditional Unix kernel is not flexible enough to be extensible, and there are few code reuse facilities.

Linux Linux is a free and open source Unix-like operating system. Can be installed in a variety of computer hardware devices. The fastest supercomputers in the world are running Linux systems. Advantages: safe, easy to maintain, stable. Software free/Open source. Low cost-most. Transparent public-the vast majority of gnu/linux are open to development. Cons: Missing apps and games-you'll lose some of the familiar apps. Lack of hardware support-most hardware is supported, but not all. It's harder to ask for help-often friends, family, and coworkers can't help you solve gnu/linux-related problems, so you need to get help online.

Android Android is a Linux-based open-source operating system that is used primarily for portable devices. Open and strong, free from the bondage of operators, with a wealth of hardware choices. Pros: Privacy is difficult to get conservative. The system comes with too many ads. Excessive reliance on developers lacks standard configuration. Mac OS X Mac OS X is the world's leading operating system. Based on UNIX, highly compatible and outstanding. Cons: Faster and more stable installation. Consumes less system resources. External drive exit more secure and relatively closed, the degree of customization is not high, can not be a deep-seated system transformation.

Symbian Symbian System is an operating system designed for mobile phones by Symbian. Saipan's market share is shrinking due to a lack of new technology support. Advantage: Operating system is intrinsic. A relatively fixed hardware component. Low cost of research and development. Multi-threaded run mode. A variety of UI, flexible, simple and easy to operate. Disadvantage: Low hardware configuration is used. are restrictive. The compatibility of the system is not strong. Attention to detail is not enough.

Operating system experiment 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system

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