Overview of Urban Landscape Ecological Planning

Urban Landscape Ecological Planning

The urban landscape ecological planning is based on the principles and methods of landscape ecology to reasonably plan the landscape spatial structure, so that the number and spatial distribution of landscape elements such as corridors, embedded blocks, and substrates are reasonable, the smooth flow of information flows, material flows and energy flows makes the landscape not only conform to the principles of ecology, but also has certain aesthetic values and is suitable for human settlements. The Urban Landscape Ecological design is the in-depth and meticulous planning of the urban landscape ecology. It focuses more on the configuration of the landscape ecosystem from specific projects or specific ecological technologies, it is often a residential area, leisure design.

 

Overall goal of Urban Landscape Ecological Planning

It is to improve the urban landscape structure, improve the urban landscape function, improve the urban environmental quality, promote the sustainable development of the urban landscape, and make people feel safe, comfortable, healthy, and convenient. The specific planning objectives can be divided into three categories: 1st categories are planning and design for the protection of biodiversity, and 2nd categories are planning for the rational development of natural resources, category 2 is the landscape structure adjustment for the current unreasonable landscape pattern.

 

Landscape Ecosystem analysis, synthesis and evaluation

1. Landscape Spatial Pattern and ecological process analysis. Landscape Pattern and process analysis are of great significance to Landscape Ecological Planning. Successful planning and design lies in the understanding of landscape in the planning area, the central task of landscape ecology planning is to adjust or construct a new landscape structure by combining or introducing new landscape elements to increase landscape heterogeneity and stability, the analysis of landscape pattern and ecological process helps to achieve this.

2. Landscape Ecosystem Classification and plotting. Landscape Ecological Classification and plotting are the basis for landscape ecological planning and management. According to the results of landscape ecology classification, the relationship between the Spatial Distribution Model and the area ratio of landscape ecology types in the Planning area is summarized, that is, the landscape ecology map. It can be used as a basic graph for Landscape Ecological Planning.

3. Landscape Ecosystem Suitability Analysis. Landscape Ecology suitability analysis is the core of landscape ecology planning. Its objective is to evaluate the landscape ecology type based on regional landscape resources and environmental characteristics, development needs, and resource utilization requirements, starting from the uniqueness, diversity, efficacy, pleasant or aesthetic value of the landscape, this paper analyzes the inherent resource quality of a landscape and its relationship with adjacent landscape types, determine the suitability and restriction of the landscape type for a specific purpose, and divide the suitability level of the landscape type. The suitability analysis methods include the integral method, the factor stack method, the mathematics group method, the factor analysis method, and the logical combination method.

4. landscape ecosystem evaluation. Landscape ecosystem evaluation is to assess the landscape ecology status quo. It is an important part of regional ecological environment evaluation and is the basis of Landscape Structure and Function Research, it is also an important prerequisite for landscape planning, management, protection and other applications. Therefore, it is the link between landscape ecology theory and application research. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have begun to study landscape evaluation and landscape perception, and have obtained many conceptual evaluation methods. From the initial qualitative model method that can only evaluate a few functions, it has now entered the quantitative, multidisciplinary, and multi-functional evaluation stage. With the continuous improvement of the evaluation technology, the evaluation methods also include a large number of ecological function types, and some comprehensive evaluation models and evaluation procedures are introduced, with the support of GIS and RS technology, the evaluation can cover a large geographical area. Although the landscape ecological evaluation work in China is relatively weak and started late, it has been widely valued, and many theories and methods of Landscape Ecological Evaluation have emerged. At present, China's landscape ecosystem evaluation mainly focuses on landscape pattern, ecosystem stability (vulnerability), regional ecological environment, ecosystem health, sustainable land use, and nature reserve construction. Among them, the Study on Landscape Ecological Evaluation of Nature Reserve is more in-depth, there are many indicators involved in Ecological Evaluation of Nature Reserve, the occurrence frequency is high: diversity, rare, natural, area suitability, representativeness, human threats, appeal, vulnerability, species abundance, land effectiveness, educational value, and scientific research potential; second, there are also many studies on regional, watershed, and road landscape ecological evaluation, while landscape ecological evaluation involving scenic spots is rarely reported.

 

Landscape Ecological Planning and Design

Based on the landscape planning objectives and research strategies of the subject, a variety of ideas and solutions are integrated to formulate the urban landscape ecological planning and design.

Overall Plan. This is the most creative and imaginative stage in planning and design. Urban Landscape Ecological Planning mainly focuses on three aspects: protection of environmental sensitive areas, ecological Greenland space planning, and urban appearance and architectural landscape planning.

2.4.1 Environment sensitive zone. An environmental sensitive zone is a region that has special values for humans or has potential natural disasters. It belongs to an ecological fragile region and can be divided into ecological sensitive areas, cultural sensitive areas, and natural disaster sensitive areas (Li tusheng, 1998 ). Ecological sensitive areas include river water systems, riverside areas, special or rare plant communities, and part of wild animal habitat in cities. Cultural sensitive areas refer to cultural relics and monuments in cities, revolutionary sites, and other areas with important historical and cultural values. Disaster-sensitive areas include flood areas in cities, geological instability areas, and serious air pollution areas. In cities, the sensitive areas of the environment are protected and the damage to the last resort is compensated.

2.4.2 Greenland planning. Manford, a city planner, pays great attention to the natural ecosystem in the city. He believes that maintaining a green environment is extremely important for urban culture, once this environment is destroyed, plundered, and destroyed, the city also declines. Urban lawns can be divided into public lawns, residential lawns, transport lawns, and scenic lawns. From the perspective of landscape ecology, the number of ecological lawns is not only large, but also the distribution is even. According to the concentrated and scattered landscape planning, the spatial configuration of the ecological green space should be combined with decentralization. By using the centralized land use, some small natural vegetation and corridors should be preserved in the built-up area, at the same time, small artificial patches, such as residential areas and small agricultural patches, are designed along the natural vegetation and the surrounding areas of the corridor in the human activity area. In addition, it is best to combine the Green Corridor in the city with the road corridor, that is, to plan a certain width and different forms of vegetation belts on both sides of the road. There are three benefits: first, improving the environmental quality of roads is conducive to people's health (reducing noise and reducing exhaust gas); and second, increasing the green area, it facilitates the balanced distribution of green spaces in urban landscapes. The third is to connect patches in the landscape through green corridors, which facilitates the migration of small animals in the patches.

2.4.3 Architectural landscape planning. A city landscape ecological planning is to create a good production and living environment and a beautiful city landscape. Therefore, the urban landscape ecological planning should also consider the overall layout of the city appearance and architectural landscape. It refers to the overall conception of the artistic layout of urban construction based on the scale of the city's nature and current conditions, and determines the skeleton of Urban Construction Art to reflect the aesthetic requirements of the city. Beauty is the beauty of natural beauty and Artificial Beauty. Ups and downs of the terrain hills, curved rivers and lakes, rich trees, flowers and plants for the beauty of natural beauty; construction, roads, overpasses, the beauty of sculpture is beautiful. The harmonious unity of natural beauty and Artificial Beauty is the beauty of the city as a whole.

 

GIS technology development and Landscape Ecosystem Planning

If the landscape ecological planning process is divided into three aspects: analysis and diagnosis of problems, future prediction, and solution of problems, then compared with traditional non-computer and non-GIS technologies, GIS has great advantages in analyzing and diagnosing problems, mainly reflected in its Visualization functions, data management, and spatial analysis. There is also great potential in finding ways to solve the problem. Relatively speaking, the contribution of GIS in future prediction is not significant.