[Post] Qin Ren's weapons manufacturing industry

In the vicinity of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, the Xianyang palace was the heart of the Qin Empire. However, over the past two thousand years, the Xianyang palace has become a yellow earth. the Qin army, once the most powerful army, has hidden too many puzzling mysteries. What kind of army is this? Where is the root cause of the powerful Qin army? What did he rely on to create a miracle of history?
In 1974, a large number of weapons were found in the inception of Qin Shihuang, which made people see the little-known side of Qin Jun.

In xiping County, Henan Province, archaeologists found a large number of historical traces of the ancients. More than 2000 years ago, this region was the smelting and iron center in South Korea, and there was a certain scale of iron production at that time. What is puzzling is that the Qin people in the same period did not seem to have followed the times. The 40 thousand weapons unearthed from the crater were almost completely cast in bronze. Is Qin army a chinese army equipped with outdated equipment?

Sima Qian recorded a famous murder event in historical records. One year before Qin unified China, when the powerful Qin army was preparing to destroy the swallow state, a messenger called Jing came to the Qin State with the map of the bird State. It was a fake to surrender the map, and the assassination of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty was true. In the historical records, the assassin Jing Yi held a dagger and the Qin Shihuang, who fled the column, tried to fight back the sword. The three swords did not go out.

Sima Qian explained that Qin Shihuang's configuration sword was too long to be pulled out in time. Generally, a sword is a short sword. The reason why it cannot be long is that the Bronze Material is easily broken. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Periods, the most prestigious yuewang Goujian sword was only 55.6 cm in length. The sword is generally wide and short, and 60 cm seems to be the limit of the sword. The length of the sword can be extracted at will. How can the Emperor Qin cannot be pulled out because the sword is too long? The historian has been confused about this explanation.

In 1974, an archaeological team found a completely different sword in the crater. What surprised the experts was that the length of the sword exceeded 91 cm! It can be inferred that Qin Shihuang was wearing such a long sword. It is really not easy for an assassin to pull out a long sword that is nearly one meter long.

Experts are confused: What is the purpose of the Qin Dynasty to lengthen the sword? In the 19th century, British ancient weapons scholar Richard Burton believes that in short weapons combat, the thorn is more advantageous than cutting, because it is closer to the opponent. About 30 cm longer than the opponent's sword, Qin Jian is obviously easier to stab each other in combat, which is probably the main reason for the growth of Qin Jian. But after all, this is a sword. How can the Qin people make the sword hard to break?

In the Bronze Age, the key to sword casting is how much tin is added to copper during smelting. Tin is less, the sword is too soft; Tin is more, the sword is hard, but easy to break. The quantitative chemical analysis made by Qin Jian shows that its copper-tin ratio makes the hardness and toughness of xiaojian perfect.

After the elimination of the six Central Plains, how to deal with the fierce Huns cavalry came to the front of Qin Shihuang.

　　

The traditional infantry was hard to resist when hunu riders rushed to the front. From the historical records, a long-shot weapon called crossbows may play a leading role in the battle at that time. Because the time was too long, the wooden part of the crossbows had been broken, but the complete relics could still be restored. Different from the bow, the Qin crossbow must use a pedal and use the power of the whole body to draw the string. Experts estimate that the range of the Qin crossbow should reach 300, and the effective killing distance should be within 150.

In the traces left behind by the decay of the crossbows, the archaeological staff found the bronze-made machinery. These tiny bronze components were the trigger used by the crossbows to launch. Its design is very delicate. What is puzzling is, why did the Qin people not make it simpler?

Assume that the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced for the simplest solution. However, it takes a great deal of effort for the shooter to launch a very tight bow string by means of finger strength, in the instant of sending, the crossbows will surely shake. In today's shooting training, even if the animation is not properly adjusted, the shooting accuracy may be affected.

Qin Jun's Firehorse passed through a set of smart mechanical transmission, which made the check teeth suddenly sink and the trigger suddenly become lightweight. This is exactly one of the advantages of the crossbows. It takes a lot of effort to pull the bows. The longer the time, the more difficult it is to control the stability of aiming.

The most bronze weapons unearthed in the crater are arrows, which are almost triangular. Why did Qin Jun select the three arrows? The three arrows have three sharp edges and corners. When the target is hit, the cutting force will be formed at the edge, and the arrow will be able to penetrate the armor and direct to the human body. The arrow with wings has a fierce inverted Thorn, but the wing is easily affected by the wind, causing the arrow to deviate from the target.

Qin Jun's three-Arn arrow removes the wing and should make shooting more accurate. The experts carefully analyzed these arrows and the researchers were incredible when the detection data was finally placed on the desktop. The detection results show that the three arcs of the arrow are almost identical, which is a streamlined arrow close to perfection. The outline of the arrow is almost the same as the shape of the bullet. The bullet shape is designed to reduce air resistance during flight. We have reason to speculate that the three arrows designed by Qin people are also for the same purpose. Qin's experience is close to the laws of Modern Aerodynamics. This Ancient Arrow is a model of Early aircraft. It is consistent with today's bullets.

There are more than 40 thousand three-edged arrows in the crater, which are extremely regular. Tens of thousands of arrows are actually cast according to the same standard?

Qin Jun used the Firehorse, because the production is very standard, its parts should be interchangeable. On the battlefield, the Qin army soldiers can re-assemble and use intact components in the damaged crossbow. However, experts speculate that Qin's Standardization should have a more important purpose. The Qin dynasty is likely to fix the technical standards of the preferred weapons, and the State will then issue these technical standards to all military plants by decree.

Qin Jun's weapon production is quite exquisite. There are three-centimeter-long edges on the sword, and the slender sword is divided into eight sides. It is very difficult to manually complete such surface processing. GE's arc is processed in a very regular way, and the three streamlined surfaces of the arrows are also completely symmetrical.

What puzzles experts is that some talented craftsmen may make several such weapons, but the reality is that tens of thousands of weapons in the pitfall are almost of the same quality. How can we ensure both standard and mass production?

Researchers found that some words were engraved on the weapons, most of which were personal names, and the most frequently appeared was "xiangbang Lu Bu wei ". Lu's Spring and Autumn Period is the most important historical document of Qin, and its author is Lu Buwei. Lu Buwei was the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty. Lushi said in the spring and autumn: The name of tule. It means that the producer of the ware will engrave his name on it.

For the historian, these seemingly plain words reveal the secrets of the management of the Qin military industry. As the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, LV Buwei is the highest supervisor of weapon production. Below him is the engineer, who is the Director of each military factory. The director who supervises this Ge is called "Yun ". At the bottom of the Director is the workshop director. The director's name is "Yi ". The craftsman who made this GE himself called "Cheng ". Experts concluded that Qin's military management system was divided into four levels: xiangbang, worker, and worker, responsible for each craftsman. Any quality problem can be identified by the name engraved on the weapon.

Many military plants in the Qin State can produce high-quality weapons in large quantities according to the unified standards. The four-level management system of the pyramid is the fundamental guarantee. When many parts of the world are still surrounded by the arms and ignorance, the Qin people created the most powerful weapon manufacturing industry in that era with their unique ways of thinking and wisdom.