Python global, pythonglobal

Python global, pythonglobal

 

1 Global

The global statement and its nonlocal cousin are the only things that are remotely like declaration statements in Python. they are not type or size declarations; they are namespace declarations. the global statement tells Python that a function plans to change one or more global names.

• Global names are variables assigned at the top level of the enclosing module file.
• Global names must be declared only if they are assigned within a function.
• Global names may be referenced within a function without being declared.

In other words, global allows us to change names that live outside a def at the top level of a module file.

 

2 Example

The global statement consists of the keyword global, followed by one or more names separated by commas.

X = 88                         # Global Xdef func():    global X    X = 99                     # Global X: outside deffunc()print(X)                       # Prints 99

　　

y, z = 1, 2                    # Global variables in moduledef all_global():    global x                   # Declare globals assigned    x = y + z                  # No need to declare y, z: LEGB rule

X, y, and z are all globals inside the function all_global. y and z are global because they aren't assigned in the function; x is global because it was listed in a global statement to map it to the module's scope explicitly. without the global here, x wocould be considered local by signing ue of the assignment.

 

3 Access globals

# thismod.pyvar = 99                              # Global variable == module attributedef local():    var = 0                           # Change local vardef glob1():    global var                        # Declare global (normal)    var += 1                          # Change global vardef glob2():    var = 0                           # Change local var    import thismod                    # Import myself    thismod.var += 1                  # Change global vardef glob3():    var = 0                           # Change local var    import sys                        # Import system table    glob = sys.modules['thismod']     # Get module object (or use __name__)    glob.var += 1                     # Change global vardef test():    print(var)    local();    print(var)    glob1();    print(var)    glob2();    print(var)    glob3()    print(var)

Run and get results

>>> import thismod>>> thismod.test()9999100101102