Soft Test Information System Supervisor: April 22, 2016 homework

Soft Test Information System Supervisor: April 22, 2016 homework

I. Basic knowledge of information application system construction

1, the software according to the function of which 3 categories, according to the service object division which 2 class, according to the work of the Software division which 4 categories?

Software broken down by function

(1) System software

(2) Support software

(3) Application software

Divide by service object

(1) Project software

(2) Product software

Divided by how the software works

(1) Real-time processing software

(2) Time-sharing software

(3) Interactive Software

(4) Batch processing software

2. What is the ternary group of software engineering? What are the elements of each meta-group?

Ternary group of software Engineering: Objectives, Principles, activities

Objectives include: correctness, availability, cost appropriate;

Principles include: selection of suitable development paradigm, the use of appropriate design methods, to provide high-quality engineering support, attention to development process management.

Activities include: requirements, design, implementation, validation, support

3. What are the six stages of the software life cycle? Remember

(1) Software project plan

(2) Demand analysis

(3) Software design

(4) Program code

(5) Software Testing

(6) Operation and maintenance

4. What are the characteristics of desert cloth model?

The activities are not completely top-down and linear schema. The reality is that each development activity is in a quality loop (input-process-output-review). The next activity can be continued only if its work is confirmed.

It is appropriate and effective for a software development project to be rigorously defined for a requirement.

The flaw of the waterfall model:

(1) Since the development model is linear, the user cannot see the effect of the software when the development results have not been tested. In this way, the software and the user meet the time interval is longer, also increased a certain risk

(2) Errors that have not been detected before software development are propagated to subsequent development activities may spread and may lead to failure of the entire software project development.

(3) in the Software requirements analysis phase, it is difficult to fully determine all the user's needs, even can be said to be unlikely

5. What are the applicable conditions of prototype model?

The demand for the system to be developed is not very clear.

6. What is an incremental model? What is a progressive model?

Incremental model: For systems where requirements cannot be fully defined quickly, software development projects are difficult to develop successfully, and can be used in this model. At this point, should be as clear as possible the known software requirements, complete the relative requirements analysis, and according to the waterfall model method for the first development work. In the system integration, through the experiment to find out the deficiencies and shortcomings of the requirements, identify those unknown software requirements, and then iterate to increase the part of the demand analysis and development.

Progressive model: mainly for the design of a system that is difficult to define precisely for some requirements, albeit clearly. such as user interface and so on. With this model, a preliminary requirement analysis can be performed before the design code is immediately followed by the first integration with the system (no or less testing). Further comprehensive requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, and integration are done based on the problem of post-integration reactions.

7. The Helix model combines the desert model with the evolutionary model, adds the risk analysis, and briefly describes four activities. Remember

The spiral model combines the waterfall model with the evolutionary model, and adds risk analysis that both models ignore. Four activities are planning, risk analysis, implementation engineering, Customer assessment

8. What kind of software development method does fountain model mainly support? What are the characteristics?

Fountain model mainly supports the object-oriented development method.

Features are iterative and no-gap characteristics. A part of the system often repeats its work several times, and related functions are added to the evolutionary system in each iteration. The so-called no gap refers to the development activities, that is, the analysis, design, coding there is no obvious boundary between.

9. What are the three types of configuration management library? Remember

(1) Development Library: Set up within the development team and be responsible for maintaining

(2) Managed library: Set up and maintain in software configuration items

(3) Product Library: Set up and maintain at system and subsystem level

10. What is the purpose of software testing? Remember

(1) Pass the test and find the software error

(2) Verify that the software meets the requirements of the software Requirements specification and software design for the functions, performance and software quality characteristics required.

(3) Provide basis for evaluation of software quality

11. What is the definition of code review? Do you need a special testing tool?

Code review: (including code review and walk-through) mainly relies on experienced program designers to design documents according to the software, through the reading program, the discovery of software errors and defects. It does not require a dedicated test tool

Code review: Check the consistency of code and design, check the standard type of code, readability, check the correctness and completeness of the code logic expression, check the rationality of the code structure, etc.

12. What is the definition of static analysis? Need computer assistance to complete it? Are the static analysis tools the same for different programming languages?

Static analysis is mainly the control flow analysis of the program, Data flow analysis, interface analysis and expression analysis, etc.

Static analysis is generally done by computer-assisted

Different programming languages, the corresponding static analysis tools are also different.

13. Please indicate the difference between white box test and black box test.

White box testing typically designs test cases based on coverage criteria

Black box testing is less concerned with the implementation of the internal structure, focusing on the execution results of the program, and its typical test projects include functional testing, performance testing, boundary testing, margin testing, and strength testing.

14. What are the six steps of the software testing work procedure?

(1) Develop "Software test Plan"

(2) write "Software test Instructions"

(3) Perform software testing

(4) Preparation of "Software test Report"

(5) Correction of problems found during software testing

(6) Software testing phase review

15, unit test, Integration test, confirm test, System test by who organization? Who's the test?

(1) The Software Unit test is organized by the contractor, usually by the software development team to carry out testing;

(2) Software integration testing is organized by the contractor, the software development team and the software Test team jointly implement the test

(3) The software validation test is organized by the contractor, and the software test group is tested;

(4) The system test should be organized by the owners ' units, set up a joint test group (generally by the Expert Group, the owner unit, the Software Evaluation Unit, the contractor and other joint formation of the test group) implementation test

16, the software review includes internal review and external review, who is the internal review composed of? Are internal reviews conducted at all stages?

The internal review is organized and implemented by the contractor. The reviewer consists of a software development team, a quality management and Configuration Manager who can invite the owner to participate. Internal reviews are conducted at all stages of software development.

17. What kind of software must be externally reviewed? Who is the host? WHO organizes it? Who is the committee member?

Software that has a high level of scale and security critical levels must be externally reviewed. The external review shall be presided over by the owner's unit, organized by the contractor and set up the evaluation Committee. The jury consists of a group of owners, contractors and a limited number of software experts (more than 50% of the total number of the Review committee), with more than seven persons (in odd numbers).

18. What are the four types of software maintenance? Please outline.

(1) Corrective maintenance: Correct errors that have not been found during the development phase and during the testing and acceptance process. Includes design errors, program errors, data errors, and documentation errors;

(2) Adaptive maintenance: To adapt to the changes in the operating environment of the software changes.

(3) Perfect maintenance: Modifications to expand functionality and improve performance

(4) Preventive maintenance: preventive maintenance is a preventive measure of initiative. Maintenance of some parts with long service life, which are still functional but may be subject to change

19. What is the main task of the Software maintenance organization?

Approve maintenance request, formulate and implement maintenance plan, control and manage maintenance process, review software maintenance, organize software maintenance review and acceptance, ensure software maintenance task is completed.

20, according to GB8567, the software development process, which 14 kinds of files should be produced? Remember

(1) Feasibility Study report

(2) Project development plan

(3) Software Requirements Specification Sheet

(4) Data requirements Manual

(5) Summary Design Manual

(6) Detailed design instructions

(7) Database design Manual

(8) User manual

(9) Operating manual

(10) Module Development Dossier

(11) Test plan

(12) Test Analysis report

(13) Development progress Report

(14) Project Development Summary Report

21, understand table 19-4, especially memory: test plan, User manual, operating manual, maintenance manual start and end time.

Test plan: Begins at the end of the requirements analysis phase in the software design phase

User manual: Starts at the end of the requirements analysis phase in the coding and unit testing phase

Operating manual: Begins at the end of the software design phase in the coding and unit testing phase

Maintenance Manual: Start at Run maintenance phase end at Run maintenance phase

22. What are the five levels of CMM?

First level: initial level

Second level: repeatable level

Level three: Defined levels

Level fourth: Quantitative management level

Level Fifth: Optimization level

23. What is the core of CORBA?

Object Request Broker (ORB)

24, about the Java EE, please explain: JDBC, JNDI, JMS, JAVAMAIL, JAVA idl Chinese meaning.

JDBC: Accessing the relational database

Jndi:java Sub-Directory interface

Jms:java Messaging Service

JavaMail: Sending and receiving letters

Javaidl: Building Interfaces with CORBA

25. Please explain: The Chinese meaning of SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI.

SOAP: An XML-based Simple Object Access Protocol

WSDL: XML-based Web Service Description Language

UDDI: General description, Discovery, and integration specifications

26. What are the key technical factors for software reuse?

(1) Software component technology

(2) Field Engineering

(3) Software architecture

(4) software re-engineering

(5) Open System

(6) Software process

(7) Case Technology

27. What is the difference between a pattern and a frame?

Design pattern: A recurring problem solution in object-oriented system design process

Framework: Industrialized software reuse has evolved from a generic class library to a domain-oriented application framework. Framework is a group of collaborative classes that form a reusable design for a class of expertise

Why use a pattern: a pattern is a guide that, under a good guide, helps you complete the task

Why use the framework: because software systems have become so complex today, using other people's mature frameworks in some ways is tantamount to letting others do some basic work for you.

(1) Design patterns are more abstract than frames

(2) Design patterns are smaller architectural elements than frames

(3) The frame is more characteristic than the design pattern

28. In short, the framework is software, what is the design pattern?

Design patterns are software knowledge (i.e., advanced experience in developing software)

29. What are the five views of UML? What are the respective definitions? Remember

(1) Use Case view: Defines the external behavior of the system and is the concern of end users, analysts, and testers.

(2) Logical view: Describe logical structure, support the function of Use case view description, describe the mechanism of implementing system function, such as class, subclass, etc., which is the most concerned by programmers.

(3) Implementation view: Describes the physical components of the building system, such as executable files, code bases and databases, the software artifacts seen by system programmers, implementation views, also known as component views

(4) Process view: It is particularly important for system integrators to describe the decomposition of a system into processes and tasks and the communication and synchronization between these concurrent elements, because they need to consider the performance and throughput of the system. The process view also becomes a concurrency view, a dynamic view, or a collaboration view.

(5) Deployment view: Describes the physical network layout of the system, which is of interest to system engineers and network engineers. And make a physical view

30. UML provides 9 different graphs, which are static and which are dynamic? Please describe their definitions separately. (Remember what is dynamic static)

Static diagrams: Use case diagrams, class diagrams, Object graphs, Component diagrams, configuration diagrams

Motion diagrams: Sequence, State, collaboration, activity

(1) Use case diagram: Describe the function of the system

(2) class diagram: Used to represent classes in a system and the relationship between classes and classes

(3) Object graph: Examples of class diagrams, specific instances of these classes at a certain time, and the specific connection between these instances

(4) State diagram: Describe the life cycle of objects, subsystems, systems

(5) Sequence diagram: Interaction between objects in an object-oriented system is the sending and receiving of messages

(6) Collaboration diagram: Describe interactions and links between collaboration objects

(7) Activity diagram: Display actions and their results, highlighting the work done in the implementation of the operation and the activities in the use case instances or objects

(8) Component diagram: The physical structure used to reflect the code

(9) Configuration diagram: Display the physical structure of software and hardware in the system

31. Describe the definition of association, dependency, generalization, aggregation. Remember

(1) Association relationship: Describes a connection between classes and classes, usually bidirectional

(2) Generalization: Also known as inheritance, is a common element and the specific elements of a classification relationship, the specific element completely has the common elements of information, and can also attach additional information

(3) Aggregation relationship: It has strong coupling and describes the relationship between the whole and the part.

(4) Dependency: Describes the semantic connection between the two model elements, one of which is independent, the other element depends on the independent model element, and the change of the independent element affects the dependent element

Second, the information application system supervision work

1, the definition of software quality?

Software quality reflects the comprehensive nature of the entity's ability to meet explicit and implicit needs

2, understand Figure 20.2 Supervision unit of Quality Management Organization chart, please indicate the leftmost name and action, the rightmost name and action.

Left: Supervision Unit quality assurance System; Action: Constraint

Right: Expert Group; Action: Guide

3, quality control in addition to review, testing, spot checks, side station, what are the methods and techniques? (Name only)

(1) Pareto analysis

(2) Check

(3) Control chart

(4) Statistical samples

(5) Standard deviation

(6) Flow diagram

(7) Trend analysis

4. What are the five measures for progress control? Remember

(1) Organizational measures

(2) Technical measures

(3) Contractual measures

(4) Economic measures

(5) Information management measures

5, according to different levels of management of the requirements of the control into three categories, namely: the total project progress control, what and what?

(1) Total project progress control

(2) Project Master progress Control

(3) Project detailed schedule control

6. What is the difference between CPM and PERT?

The difference between CPM (critical path method) and PERT (Planning Review Technology) is:

CPM is based on empirical data to determine the time of the work, known as the Positive network planning technology, is to shorten the time, improve investment efficiency for the purpose.

PERT processes the work time as a random variable, called the non-positive network planning technology. Can point out the key to shorten time and save cost.

7. What are the main methods of estimating working hours?

(1) Expert judgment

(2) Analogy estimation

(3) Single Time estimation method

(4) Three time estimation method

8, the definition of the total time difference, the definition of free time difference?

Total slack: The job can be postponed for a period of time without affecting the total duration and not affecting the start of its tight work at the latest.

Free jet lag (single time difference): The delay can be postponed without affecting the earliest start time of the tight job

9. In time (duration) optimization, what are the four steps to compress the network plan duration?

(1) Identify the key lines in the network plan and calculate the total duration of the network plan

(2) Calculate the time that should be compressed δt=tc-ts

(3) Determine the compression time

(4) Compress another key work

10, select the first compression duration of the key work, the choice should consider what factors? Remember

(1) Shorten the duration, the impact on the quality of the project is not small

(2) have sufficient spare resources

(3) a relatively small increase in the amount of time required to shorten the duration

11. What are the four steps for cost optimization?

(1) Find the key line

(2) Work on key lines to find the best way to optimize

(3) Optimizing the work of small k value in the pathway

(4) When optimizing, consider the neighbors

12, for the calculation of the topic, please see the public class, public lessons in the calculation of the group share. Please answer the definition of key route?

(1) The line with the longest line duration in the Network diagram.

(2) In the network plan, the work of minimizing the total slack is called the key work.

13. What are the causes of runaway costs?

(1) Cost estimation work, cost budget work is not accurate and precise

(2) The features of the software project make the development cost difficult to estimate accurately

(3) The project does not have the uniform standard and the norm to carry on the cost estimate and the cost budget and the designated project investment control method to be feasible

(4) Misunderstanding of ideological cognition

14. What are the 4 methods and tools of cost estimation? Please outline them separately.

(1) Analogy estimation method: usually compared with the original similar executed projects to estimate the cost of the current project, also known as the "top-down estimation method"

(2) Parametric model method: The characteristic parameters of the project are used as the basic parameters of the prediction project cost mathematical model.

(3) Bottom-up estimation method: Estimate the cost of individual work first, then summarize the total cost of the project from bottom to top

(4) Calculation Tool support: project management software and spreadsheet software assistance project cost estimation

Third, the supervision work in the preparatory stage

1. What are the four aspects of a general feasibility study?

(1) Economic feasibility

(2) Technical feasibility

(3) Legal feasibility

(4) Choice of scheme

2. What are the five steps of the general tendering process?

(1) Tender

(2) Tender

(3) Bid opening

(4) Bid evaluation

(5) bid

Soft Test Information System Supervisor: April 22, 2016 homework