Summary of common pronunciation rules for letters and letters

It helps you easily remember and learn English. After learning it, you will not feel so difficult to learn English.
Vowel A or a + other letters

Letter or letter combination	Syllable type Or the position in the word	Read audio	Example words
A	Reregister	[Ei]	Name, face, take, cake, radio, space
A	Repeat closed syllables	[A]	Hand, stand, maths, happy
A	After W or wh	[R]	What, watch, wash
		[R:]	Water
AI ay	In the re-stressed syllable	[Ei]	Wait, train, fail, rain, say, way, May, today
Al	Before most consonants	[R:]	Ball, wall, small, talk
		[R: l]	Also, always
	Before F, m	[A:]	Half, palm (palm tree)
Ar	In the re-stressed syllable	[A:]	Star, card, party
Ar	After W or wh	[R:]	Warm, wharf (Pier)
AU aw	In the re-stressed syllable	[R:]	Autumn, because, draw, saw
Air are	In the re-stressed syllable	[Z []	Chair, hair, pair, Hare, care
Ass	In the re-stressed syllable	[A: S]	Ass, glass, Class

Vowel e or E + other letters

Letter or letter combination	Syllable type Or the position in the word	Pronunciation	Example words
E	Reregister	[I:]	She, we, these, relay
	Repeat closed syllables	[E]	Well, get, very, step
EA	In the re-stressed syllable	[I:]	Seat, read, tea, easy
		[E]	Bread, Head, ready
EE	In the re-stressed syllable	[I:]	Tree, week, green
Er	In the re-stressed syllable	[[:]	Her, term, verb

Vowel I or I + other letters

Letter or letter combination	Syllable type or position in a word	Pronunciation	Example words
I (y)	Reregister	[Ai]	Mine, quite, like, side, Friday, my, by, why
	Repeat closed syllables	[I]	Milk, ship, it, with, window, begin
IE	In the re-stressed syllable, before the consonants	[I:]	Field, piece
	At the end of the syllable word	[Ai]	Lie, die, tie
Weigh	In the re-stressed syllable	[Ai]	Night, right, high
IR	In the re-stressed syllable	[[:]	First, skirt, girl

Uppercase and lowercase letters

Letter or letter combination	Syllable type or position in a word	Pronunciation	Example words
O	Reregister	[[U]	No, go, nose, home
	Repeat closed syllables	[R]	Not, dog, hot, stop
	Before m, n, V, or th	[Q]	Come, month, love, brother, nothing
OA	In the re-stressed syllable	[[U]	Coat, boat, Road
Oi Oy	In the re-stressed syllable	[Ri]	Noise, join, boy, toy
Oo	In most cases	[U:]	School, too, cool
	Before K	[U]	Book, look, cook
Or	In the re-stressed syllable	[R:]	Sport, horse, forty
	Behind W	[[:]	Work, worse, worker
Ou	In most cases	[Au]	Round, house, about
	Before ght	[R:]	Ought (should)
Ow	In the re-stressed syllable	[Au]	Cow, now, down, how
	In re-stressed or unre-Stressed syllables	[[U]	Know, grow, show, window, yellow

Vowel U or U + other letters

Letter or letter combination	Syllable type or position in a word	Pronunciation	Example words
U	Reregister	[Ju:]	Use, duty, excuse
	Repeat closed syllables	[Q]	But, US, luck
UR	In the re-stressed syllable	[[:]	Nurse, turn, hurt, thrusday

A large majority of vowels are read as [[] or [I].

Mother	Read audio	Example words
A	[[]	About, American, <China, breakfast
	[I]	Orange, comrade, village, message
E	[[]	Student, hundred
	[I]	Jacket, begin, harvest
I (y)	[I]	Coming, dining-room, country, country
O	[[]	O 'clock, mongoeman
U	[[]	Autumn

Pronunciation rules for the combination of consonants and consonants

Letter or letter combination	Syllable type or position in a word	Pronunciation	Example words
C	Before E, I, y	[S]	Nice, penpencil, bicycle
	Before a, O, U, and consonants L, R, T, and at the end of the syllable	[K]	Cap, come, cut, clock, cry, picture, music
Ch		[TF]	Much, Chair, China, teacher
G	In most cases	[G]	Go, Big, Garden
	Before E	[DV]	Page, orange, large
J		[DV]	Jack, jacket, June, John
KN		[N]	Knife, know, knock
Ll		[L]	Ball, tell, still
NG		[N]	Sing, long, something
		[Ng]	English, longer
NK		[NK]	Ink, think, thanks
PH		[F]	Physics (physical)
Qu		[KW]	Quite, quick, quarter
Sh		[F]	She, shoe, English, short
Tch		[TF]	Watch, fetch (Take, take)
Th		[W]	Thing, thank, month
		[T]	This, that,
Wh	Before letter O	[H]	WHO, whose, whom
		[W]	Where, what, when, why
WR		[R]	Write, wrong
X		[Ks]	Box, next, exercise
		[GZ]	Exam, Example
Y		[J]	Yes, you, year, yourself