Summary of how to install and uninstall software in Linux (UBUNTU)

Users who have just started using Ubuntu often have this problem. What should I do if I want to install new software ?. Where is the EXE file? How does the software have so many formats? Rpmpacket, What Is .tar.gz? Why can't I install it? And so on. indeed, you only need to double-click the Installation File in windows, so many people feel uncomfortable in Ubuntu. as a matter of fact, it is easier to install most of the software using the new software package manager on the Ubuntu platform than on the Windows platform. of course, there are also a lot of software not available in the Ubuntu storage library, and these software has a variety of formats, so the installation method is also different. next I will give a detailed summary of how to install software in Ubuntu.

1. Use the new software package manager to install the program.

The new version has a friendly graphic interface. You can use it to install the existing programs in most Ubuntu software libraries. go to system-system management-New Software Package Manager to start. based on security considerations, the system will prompt you to enter the administrator password. here, you can search for the program you want to install and mark the application.

Step 3 installation: search, tag, and Application

1. Search for the programs you want to install. there are thousands of themes, applications, software packages, and documents in the new project. all these file packages are stored on the Ubuntu server for download and upgrade. the new version is equivalent to an upgraded version of the Windows Update Tool, because it can be used to upgrade system files, but also to install non-critical programs. you can search for software in the category on the sidebar. click the search icon on the toolbar to search.
2. Find the package you want to install and right-click it. the system may prompt you that some dependencies will be installed at the same time. Fortunately, these systems will automatically solve the problem for you. remember: you can use the same steps to uninstall the program (right-click and choose uninstall ). you can also mark multiple installation packages at a time to save time.
3. After marking all the files to be installed, click the application icon. The new version will automatically download and install.

FAQs:

1. What if I cannot find the desired file?
In fact, this is quite normal. There are three possible reasons:

• All the file packages in the new software package manager are from the main source of ubuntu, but there are many unofficial software sources besides the default source. Try to activate the additional source before you quit the installation.
• If you are not connected to the Internet, this is a positive result. Of course, you may be able to find it on the installation CD, but basically this is less likely.
• If you cannot find this package from an unofficial source, you can also manually install it. but remember, there are much more installation package formats in Linux than you think. this is also the focus of this article.

2. I have already installed it, but where can I find it?
Normally, the application menu will be automatically upgraded to include the files you installed, but sometimes it will not. Here are several ways to find your newly installed program.
1). Install Debian menu.

The Debian Menu provides a more comprehensive list of installed programs, which are also displayed in the Application menu. you need to install a software package named menu-xdg (available in the new version). You may need to restart X Window (CTRL + ALT + space) to display it.

2) enter the program name on the terminal.

For example, I have installedMuineThen, you can enterMuinePress enter to start the program. Note that the program will be automatically closed as you close the terminal. To avoid this situation, pressAlt + F2RunStartup Program Management, Enter muine to start. you can also try typing the first letter of the program name and press the tab key twice. the input box displays the command name or a list of available commands. to know the command line name of the program, follow these steps:
Right-click the installation package in the new IDE and select Properties to go to the "installed Files" tab. The list of installed programs is displayed, and installed/Usr/bin folderIn most cases, it is the command name of the program.

3. How can I uninstall these programs.
When you want to uninstall a program, you just need to select "mark for deletion", rather than "mark for installation", in the same steps as installing the program ". if you want to delete the configuration file together, you can select "mark to delete it completely ".

2. Install software using a terminal.

You may often see this: You can use the following code to install a program... Then, provide a piece of code that can be directly copied to the terminal. you may think this is completely different from the new one. In fact, the new one is also using this code, but it just gives a friendly interface.

Installation Method:
Go to ApplicationProgram-accessories-TerminalTo activate the terminal program.
The following two lines of code are the most common commands for installation.

Sudo apt-Get install ABCAndSudo aptitude install ABC

Of course, the above ABC is just a fictitious software. sudo indicates that you authorize the Administrator (Super User) permission to give the following command. enter the administrator password. this is the same as entering a password when you open a new one, but it is now on the terminal. if you directly enter sudo aptitude, you will see a new software package manager similar to the command line version.

You can also use the command line to search for the software just like you can search for the software in the new IDE. The command is as follows:

Apt-cache search ABCOrAPTITUDE search ABC

Command to delete a software package:

Sudo apt-Get remove ABC and sudo aptitude remove ABC

Delete the configuration file at the same time:

Sudo apt-Get remove-Purge ABC and sudo aptitude purge ABC

Although the command line may scare many new Linux users, as you can see, it is also very easy to use and has a lot in common with the new graphic interface. many users prefer to install software on the terminal, and many prefer to install software on the new terminal. you can choose one as you like. if you decide to stay in Ubuntu, use the command line.

The highlights of this article are as follows:

3. Manually install the software package

You cannot find the software you need in the new infrastructure? Have you tried to activate more additional sources? If you have tried and cannot find it, we need to use the tricks you often use in windows. Download the installation package and install it manually.

1. Install the Debian package (. Deb)
In fact, all the software you downloaded in the new software package manager is the Debian software package. So if you find programs in several formats on the Internet for download, the simplest thing is to download the Debian package.

Installation Method:

1). Let the system install automatically.

You only need to double-click the downloaded Debian package to automatically start the Installation tool. click "Install software package" to perform installation. if the dependent software needs to be installed or the software source has an updated version for installation, it will automatically prompt you.

2). Run the dpkg command.

WeAssume that the software package test. Deb you downloaded is on the desktop, and your user name is Neo., The installation command is:

Dpkg-I/home/Neo/desktop/test. Deb

Note: Use this commandYou need to pay attention to software dependencies.So this is not the best way to install software.

2. Install the RPM package (. rpm)
Rpm is another popular software packaging method. It is widely used in many popular Linux distributions, such as fedora, Suse, and mandriva. it is not used by the Ubuntu Software Package Manager, but a command can convert it to the Deb format. However, this does not mean that all RPM packages can run properly on your system. for the same software, you can directly install the RPM package. This package is called alien. You can download and install it in the new version (of course, the command line can also:

Sudo apt-Get install alien

Then, the RPM installation method:
IfUser NEO needs to install the software package named test. rpm on the desktop, You only need to enter

Sudo alien-I/home/Neo/desktop/test. rpm

3.install the desktop themes (.tar, .tar.gz,. tgz,. Tar. BZ ,...)
Installing a desktop theme in GNOME is very simple. FindSystem-preferences-topicOpenTopic ManagerYou can use this application to change the icons, controls, window borders, etc. After downloading the theme package, you only need to drag it to the theme manager window to install it.

4.start the image topic .(.tar, .tar.gz,. tgz,. Tar. BZ ,...)
This is as simple as installing a desktop theme. LocateSystem-system management-Logon windowOpen the logon window preferences. Drag the downloaded topic to this window, and click OK in the displayed dialog box.

5. source code package (.tar, .tar.gz,. tgz,. Tar. BZ ,...)

Note:All files with the extension of .tar, .tar.gz, and so on are source code compressed packages, which may have been compiled. The compressed package contains an installer or an executable file with the extension bin. for example, the Firefox and flock packages on the Mozilla official website. in this case, you only need to make a shortcut for them.
The following describes how to compile and install the source code package:

• First decompress the package. Right-click the package and choose to decompress it here.
• To compile and install software, you must install the corresponding compilation tool. Install the new software packageBuild-essentialAll compilation tools are available. after you confirm that the compilation tool is correctly installed, you can open the terminal program and navigate to the decompressed folder. if you are familiar with the doscommand, you do not need to introduce this simple CD command. if you are not familiar with it, you can refer to the description in the appendix.
• After entering the correct folder, run the./congfigure command. The purpose of executing this command is:Check the dependency program and create the MAKEFILE file.If the command fails to be executed, the supervisor will prompt you to install the specified package. You can search for and install the package in the new version .(Note:: If you find that the same name extension is. Dev installation packageRemember to tick it and install it. They are necessary Development Kits for compilation). There are also many source code packages that do not have the configure script. Don't worry, you can directly executeMake command.
• Two Methods of compilation and installation:
  • Regular Installation: Enter sudo make install. If you want to remove a temporary file, you can also run
    Make clean. uninstall program running
    Sudo make Uninstall. These two delete commands are valid from time to time. It depends on whether the programmer has embedded related commands.
  • Install the software package management program: If you want to unmount them easily after adding or deleting programs, first install the checkinstall software package. then you only need to run sudo checkinstall to install the source code package. this installation method may take a longer time than the above method, and you may need to edit some scripts of the program by yourself. however, it can be easily solved in the checkinstall program.

Summary:

• Navigate to the target folder
• Execute./configure
• Run sudo make
• Run sudo make install

2. autopackage (. Package)

This is simple. You can directly navigate to the directory where the installation package is located and execute it. For example, you need to install the test. package installation package on the digglife desktop and run it directly.
/Home/digglife/desktop/test. package. note that ,. the package file may not have the executable permission in your file system. You need to modify it yourself. for details about how to modify the settings, see the appendix.
3. klik installation package (klik: // →. CMG)

Klik is an online software storage service that uses its proprietary network protocol klik. you can directly click the hyperlink on your website in your browser to install the software. to use klik, you must first install the binutils libstdc ++ 5 rpm gnome-about file package, and then run wget klik.atekon.de/client/install-0-| sh on the terminal to download and install the klik client. because klik completely skips the Package Manager and file system, after the installation is complete, everything that runs this type of program is included on the desktop. CMG-file. you can double-click the file to start the program. to uninstall an ECS instance, you only need to delete it. CMG-file.

4. shell script installation package (. Sh,. Bash ,...)

To install a software package with the. Sh extension, you can run the sh command on the terminal. For example, to install the installation package test. Sh on the desktop of digglife, you only need to run
SH/home/digglife/desktop/test. Sh. You may be prompted that the permission is insufficient. For details about how to change the permission, see the appendix.

5. Third-party binary installation package (. Bin ,...)

We want to install an installation package test on the digglife desktop. bin, you can run/home/Carl/desktop/test. bin. insufficient permissions may be prompted. For details about how to change the permissions, see the appendix.

6. Appendix:

1. How to perform folder navigation in the terminal.

The default folder of the terminal is/home. You can use the PWD command to view the current directory.

View the list of files and folders in the directory, and useLsCommand. Return to the previous directory and use the commandCD ..To the lower-level directory, use the command CD name, where name is the name of the folder you want to enter.

2. Change the File Permission.

Right-click the file, select properties, and select the permission tab in the pop-up window. Here you can modify the File Permission, and execute is executable.

This article is reproduced at http://www.digglife.cn/articles/how-to-install-software-in-ubuntu-charpter2.html#cd, which is too good.