Summary of std::string usage

in the ordinary work often used a string class, I remember the bad use of the time often to go to the query. Excerpt a summary on the Internet, for the convenience of future inquiries:

Constructor of String class:
String (const char *s);     Initializes a string with the C string s (int n,char c); Initialize with n-character C

Character operations for string classes:
const char &operator[] (int n) const;
const char &at (int n) const;
Char &operator[] (int n);
char &at (int n);
Operator[] and at () both return the position of the nth character in the current string, but the at function provides a range check and throws a Out_of_range exception when the bounds are crossed, and the subscript operator [] does not provide check access.
const char *data () const;//returns a non-null terminated array of C characters
const char *C_STR () const;//returns a null-terminated C string
int copy (char *s, int n, int pos = 0) const;//copies n characters in the current string starting with Pos to an array of characters starting with S, returning the number of actual copies

Note: There are many existing functions in the Cctype header file for the processing of object characters in string, which can be easily applied

Description of the attribute of string:
int capacity () const; Returns the current capacity (that is, the number of elements in string that do not need to increase memory)
int max_size () const; Returns the length of the largest string that can be stored in a string object
int size () const; Returns the size of the current string
int length () const; Returns the length of the current string
BOOL empty () const; Whether the current string is empty
void Resize (int len,char c);//Set the current size of the string to Len and fill in the insufficient part with character C

Input-output operations of the String class: The String class overload operator operator>> is used for input, and the same overloaded operator operator<< is used for output operations.
function Getline (IStream &in,string &s), which is used to read a string from input stream in to s, separated by a newline character ' \ n '.

Assignment of String:
String &operator= (const string &s);//Assign the string s to the current string
String &assign (const char *s);//Assign value with C type string s
String &assign (const char *s,int n);//n-word assignments value starting with C string s
String &assign (const string &s);//Assign the string s to the current string
String &assign (int n,char c);//Assign value to the current string with n characters c
String &assign (const string &s,int start,int N);/to assignments the current string with n words from start in the string s
String &assign (Const_iterator first,const_itertor last);//Assign the part between the primary and last iterators to the string

String's connection:
String &operator+= (const string &s);//Connect the string s to the end of the current string
String &append (const char *s); Connect the C type string s to the end of the current string
String &append (const char *s,int n);//The first n words of the C type string s are fonts to the end of the current string
String &append (const string &s); With operator+= ()
String &append (const string &s,int pos,int N) fonts to the end of the current string with n words starting from POS in string s
String &append (int n,char c); Add n characters at the end of the current string C
String &append (Const_iterator first,const_iterator last);//Connect the portion of the iterator between the primary and last to the end of the current string

Comparison of String:
BOOL operator== (const string &s1,const string &s2) const;//compare two strings for equality
Operators ">", "<", ">=", "<=", "!=" are overloaded for string comparisons;
int compare (const string &s) const;//compares the current string and the size of s
int compare (int pos, int n,const string &s) const;//Compare the current string of n characters from Pos to the size of s
int compare (int pos, int n,const string &s,int pos2,int n2) const;// Compares the size of a string of n characters from the current string beginning with a POS to a N2 character that starts with Pos2 in S
int compare (const char *s) const;
int compare (int pos, int n,const char *s) const;
int compare (int pos, int n,const char *s, int pos2) const;
Compare function returns 0 when 1,< returns -1,== at >
Substring of string:
String substr (int pos = 0,int n = NPOs) const;//return of N-character strings starting with Pos

Exchange of String:
void Swap (string &s2); Swap the value of the current string and S2

Lookup function for String class:
int find (char c, int pos = 0) const;//Look for the character C at the position of the current string from the POS
int find (const char *s, int pos = 0) const;//The position of the string s in the current string starting from Pos
int find (const char *s, int pos, int n) const;//The position of the first n characters in the string s in the current string starting from the POS
int find (const string &s, int pos = 0) const;//The position of the string s in the current string starting from Pos
Returns the location of the String::npos when the lookup succeeds, and the failure returns the value of the
int RFind (char c, int pos = NPOs) const;//Find the position of the character C in the current string from the beginning of the POS
int rfind (const char *s, int pos = NPOs) const;
int rfind (const char *s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int RFind (const string &s,int pos = NPOs) const;
From the beginning of the POS find the position of the first n characters in the string s in the current string, successfully return to the position, and return the value of String::npos when the failure occurs
int find_first_of (char c, int pos = 0) const;//Find the first occurrence of character C from Pos
int find_first_of (const char *s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_of (const char *s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_first_of (const string &s,int pos = 0) const;
Starts from the POS to find the position of the first character in the current string in an array of the top n characters of S. Lookup failed return String::npos
int find_first_not_of (char c, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of (const char *s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of (const char *s, int pos,int n) const;
int find_first_not_of (const string &s,int pos = 0) const;
Finds the first occurrence of a character that is not in string s from the current string, and fails back to String::npos
int find_last_of (char c, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_of (const char *s, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_of (const char *s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int find_last_of (const string &s,int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_not_of (char c, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_not_of (const char *s, int pos = NPOs) const;
int find_last_not_of (const char *s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_last_not_of (const string &s,int pos = NPOs) const;
Find_last_of and find_last_not_of are similar to find_first_of and find_first_not_of, just looking forward from the back

substitution function for String class:
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const char *s)//delete p0 characters starting from N0, then insert string s at P0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const char *s, int n);//delete p0 characters that are starting with the, and then insert the first n characters of the string s at N0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const string &s)//delete p0 characters starting from N0, then insert string s at P0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,const string &s, int pos, int n);//delete p0 start n0 characters, then insert n characters from Pos in string s at P0
String &replace (int p0, int n0,int n, char c);//delete n0 characters starting p0, then insert n characters at P0
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const char *s);//replace the portion between [first0,last0) with the string s
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const char *s, int n);//Replace the part between [First0,last0] with the first n characters of S
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const string &s);//Replace the part between [First0,last0) with string s
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,int N, char c);//replace the portion between [first0,last0) with n characters c
String &replace (iterator first0, iterator last0,const_iterator-I, const_iterator last);//Put [First0, LAST0) is replaced by a string between [First,last]

Insert function for String class: String &insert (int p0, const char *s);
String &insert (int p0, const char *s, int n);
String &insert (int p0,const string &s);
String &insert (int p0,const string &s, int pos, int n);
The first 4 functions insert the first n characters of the POS in the string s at the P0 position
String &insert (int p0, int n, char c);//This function inserts n characters c at p0
Iterator insert (iterator it, char c);//insert character C at it to return the position of the inserted post iterator
void Insert (iterator it, Const_iterator, const_iterator last);//insert characters between [first,last] at it
void Insert (iterator it, int n, char c);//insert n characters c at it

The delete function of the string class iterator erase (iterator primary, iterator last);//delete all characters between [First,last], return the position of the post-deletion iterator
Iterator Erase (iterator it); Remove the character that it points to, and return the position of the post-deletion iterator
String &erase (int pos = 0, int n = npos);//delete the N-character at the beginning of the POS, return the modified string

Iterator handling of the

String class:
The String class provides an iterator iterator that iterates forward and backward, and the iterator provides syntax for accessing individual characters, similar to pointer operations, and the iterator does not check the scope. The
declares an iterator variable with string::iterator or String::const_iterator, and Const_iterator does not allow changes to the contents of the iteration. Common iterator functions are:
Const_iterator begin () const;
iterator begin ();                //Returns the starting position of string
Const_iterator end () const;
iterator end ();                    // Returns the position after the last character of String
Const_iterator rbegin () const;
iterator Rbegin ();                //Returns the position of the last character of String
Const_iterator rend () const;
Iterator rend ();                    //Returns the previous
Rbegin and Rend of the first character position of string used for iterative access from the backward forward, by setting the iterator string::reverse_iterator,string: : Const_reverse_iterator implements the

String Stream Processing:
Implementing the,<sstream> header file by defining the Ostringstream and Istringstream variables
For example:
String input ("Hello,this is a Test");
Istringstream is (input);
String S1,s2,s3,s4;
Is>>s1>>s2>>s3>>s4;//s1= "Hello,this", s2= "is", s3= "a", s4= "test"
Ostringstream OS;
os<<s1<<s2<<s3<<s4;
Cout<<os.str ();

use of standard C + + library String class std::string #include <string> std::string S1; std::string S3 (S2); std::string S2 ("This is a string"); begin to get the iterator that points to the beginning of the string end gets the iterator that points to the ending of the string Rbegin Gets the iterator that points to the beginning of the reverse string Rend gets the iterator that points to the end of the reverse string size Gets the sizes of the strings the length () and the size function function the same maximum possible size of max_size string capacity The possible size of a string without reallocating memory empty to determine if it is empty operator[] Takes a few elements, equivalent to an array C_str get C-style const char* string data gets the string content address operator= assignment operator Reserve Reserve Space Swap swap function Insert Caret character Append Append characters push_back Append characters Erase Delete String clear clears all contents of character container Resize Space reallocation assign is the same as the assignment operator Replace Replace copy string to space Find lookup, returning an index number based on 0 RFind Reverse Lookup Find_first_of finds any character in a substring, returns the first position Find_first_not_of Find any character that does not contain a substring, return to the first position Find_last_of finds any character in a substring, returns the last position Find_last_not_of find any character in a substring, and return to the last position substr (n1,len) Gets the substring of Len from the length of the string starting from N1 Compare strings (all relational operators are supported) Compare comparison string operator+ String Link operator+= + = operator operator== judge whether the equality operator!= judgment is not equal to operator< is judged to be less than operator>> reads a string from the input stream operator<< string writes to output stream Getline read a row from the input stream