System Management-UNIX File Systems

Article Title: System Management: UNIX file systems. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.

　　Description of file name

Files on UNIX computers are organized in hierarchies. The top layer of this hierarchy is/, which is generally called a slash or root directory ".

If you change the working directory to/and runls, You will see several subdirectories with mysterious names (such as etc, bin, var, home, and tmp ). Although UNIX now supports long file names, most of these top-level directory names can be traced back to about 30 years ago, when UNIX was just introduced. Similarly, according to the same long-term conventions, each directory contained in/is used for a special purpose:

/BinIt is only one of the many directories that contain applications and utilities. However,/bin usually contains utilities that are basic for system operations. Therefore, the Shell file operation commands are as follows: cpAnd chmod, Compression, decompression, and diagnostic commands are all in/bin.

/SbinIt also contains utilities that are vital for system operations and maintenance. However, only super users can execute programs in/sbin. Therefore, this directory is called "superuser-bin" or/sbin.

/DevIncludes all hardware installed in your system, including terminals and USB devices (and other peripheral devices physically connected to this computer) pseudo Terminal (used to interact with the X terminal window), hard drive, and so on. /Etc(Often pronounced "etsee") is used for system configuration. The/etc directory contains configuration files for system daemon, startup scripts, system parameters, and more. /HomeContains the user's home directory. For example, if your login name is joe, the/home/joe directory is your personal file repository. /LibUsed to store basic system library files. In modern UNIX, system libraries are usually shared, which means that not every binary file is linked to and includes these libraries (that would at least waste space ), however, when the database is required, it is loaded as needed and can be shared by many applications at the same time. Therefore, you must use the/lib library to run the core applications and utilities installed together with UNIX, and you must have at least a small number of corresponding library files, to create a new executable file from the source code. All files are critical. Damage or deletion (intentionally or unintentionally) of a file may render the system unusable. /MntIt is short for "mount", which is the standard location for mounting the hard drive partition and other devices. If you want to view all the mounted and accessible devices, you only need to run mountCommand. /TmpOr "temporary" is a system-wide temporary storage area. Your Web server may save session data files here, and other utilities will cache intermediate results using space in/tmp. Files in/tmp are usually discarded after they are used. In fact, your system administrator may delete all files earlier than a certain expiration time every night. /UsrUsed to store a large number of files. End-user applications (from editors, games, interfaces, to system features) are all located in it, which is a repository for man pages and other more content. Some files are valuable, but they are not necessary for system operations. You may find them in/usr. /VarIs short for "variable". It is used to store the files whose size usually increases over time. You can find mailboxes, log files, printer queues, and databases in/var. Generally, you can store a Web site in/var, because a Web site may accumulate a large amount of data abnormally after a period of time.

These are some of the most common directory names, although there are slight differences between some UNIX versions. (For example®On Mac OS X, name the directory that contains the user's home directory as/Users instead of/home .)

　　Keep traditional

In fact, the names of etc, bin, lib, and man are so deep-rooted in UNIX culture, as a result, it has become a tradition to use the same name to mark directories for similar purposes elsewhere in the computer. For example, if you view the home Directory of an expert, you may find that the bin and lib directories store personal applications, scripts, and libraries respectively.

UNIX naming convention: Get