1. List Linux distributions by series and describe the connection and difference between different distributions.
Based on Red Hat
Includes red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, CentOS, Scientific Linux, and Oracle Linux
Based on Debian
Includes Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Knoppix, MEPIS, Sidux, CrunchBang Linux, Chromium os, Google Chrome OS
Based on Mandriva
Includes Mandriva Linux, PCLinuxOS, Unity Linux, and Mageia
Based on Gentoo
Includes Gentoo Linux, Sabayon Linux, Calculate Linux, and Funtoo Linux
Based on Slackware
including Slackware, Zenwalk and VectorLinux
Other
SUSE, Arch Linux, Puppy Linux, Damn Small Linux, MeeGo, Slitaz, Tizen, Startos
2, description of the use of the command on the Linux system format, details Ifconfig, Echo, TTY, STARTX, export, pwd, history, shutdown, Poweroff, reboot, Hwclock, the use of the date command , and is elaborated in conjunction with the corresponding example.
Format: command [options][arguments]
Command commands
Options option, optional,-short option,--long option
Arguments parameters, optional
Ifconfig displaying or configuring network devices
echo displays a line of text or a string in a standard output or file
TTY display terminal connection file name of standard input device
StartX start x Window
Export setting or displaying environment variables
PWD View current working directory
Histroy Show Run command history
Shutdown the shutdown program, and transmits messages to all users in the process of execution before shutting down the computer
Poweroff immediately shut down the system
Reboot restart your computer
Hwclock display and set hardware clock
Date Displays or sets the day and time of the system
3, how to get the Help information of the command on the Linux system, please detailed list, and describe how the chapters of the man document are divided.
Help command
For internal commands
Command--help
For external commands
Mans command
Show the man page of the command
Info command
Displays the info entry for the command
Program Self Help Documentation
README, INSTALL, ChangeLog
Program official documentation
Documentation
Official documentation for the release version
Google, baidu.com
section of the man document:
Commands or executables that a user can manipulate in a shell environment
Functions and tools that can be called by the system kernel
Some common functions and libraries, most of which are C libraries
Description of the device file, usually files in/dev
The configuration file or the format of some files
Game
conventions and agreements, etc.
Administrative commands available to system administrators
Documents related to Kernel
4. What are the file management commands on Linux, their commonly used methods and their related examples?
CP Copy files and directories
MV Move or rename files and directories
mkdir Creating a Directory
RM Remove files and directories
LN creates a hard link or symbolic link
5. Bash's work characteristics the command execution status return value and command line expansion are involved in the content and its sample demonstration.
Linux command execution results have both success and failure states
Variable $? Saves the execution status result of the most recent command
Command echo $? To view the command execution status return value:
0: Success
1-255: Failure
~: Expand to the user's home directory
~username: Expand the home directory for the development user
{}: You can host a comma-delimited list and expand it to multiple paths.
6. Use the command line expansion function to complete the following exercises:
(1), create/tmp directory: A_c, A_d, B_c, B_d
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(2), create the/tmp/mylinux directory:
mylinux/
├──bin
├──boot
│└──grub
├──dev
├──etc
│├──rc.d
││└──init.d
│└──sysconfig
│└──network-scripts
├──lib
│└──modules
├──lib64
├──proc
├──sbin
├──sys
├──tmp
├──usr
│└──local
│├──bin
│└──sbin
└──var
├──lock
├──log
└──run
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7, what is the metadata information of the file, what does it mean, how to view it? How to modify timestamp information for a file.
Stat/path/to/somefile getting the metadata for the specified file
Touch-a only Modify access time
Touch-c only the time when the file was modified and does not create a new file if the file does not exist
Touch-m only modify the file modification time
Touch-t STAMP uses the specified time value as the new value for the file timestamp
8. Display all files or directories in the/var directory that start with L, end with a lowercase letter, and have at least one digit (can have other characters) appear in the middle.
ls-d/var/l*[0-9]*[[:lower:]]
9. Displays files or directories that start with any number in the/etc directory and end with a non-numeric number.
ls-d/etc/[[:d igital:]]*[^[:d igital:]]
10, Show/etc directory, start with a non-letter, followed by a letter and any other arbitrary length of any character file or directory.
Ls-d/etc/[^a-z]*[a-z]
11. In the/tmp directory, create a file that starts with Tfile, followed by the current date and time, with a filename such as: tfile-2016-09-20-09-32-22.
touch/tmp/tfile-$ (date+ "%y-%m-%d-%h-%m-%s")
12. Copy all files or directories ending with. D in the/etc directory into the/tmp/mytest2 directory.
Cp-ar/etc/*.d/tmp/mytest2
13. Copy all files in the/etc/directory that begin with L or M or N and end with. conf to the/TMP/MYTEST3 directory.
Cp-ar/etc/[l,m,n]*.conf/tmp/mytest3
New Linux+python high-end operation class first time assignment