The most reasonable way to partition the hard disk when installing Ubuntu Linux system

Whether it is installing Windows or Linux operating system, hard disk partition is the most difficult part of the whole system installation process, some of the online Ubuntu Linux installation tutorials are generally automatic partitioning, for beginners to bring great inconvenience, I will talk about the most reasonable way to install the hard disk partition when installing Ubuntu Linux system, according to the experience in Hefei door-mounted system for many years.

Before speaking hard disk partition, I first to popularize the related classification of hard disk, hard disk is generally divided into IDE hard disk, SCSI hard disk and SATA hard disk three kinds, in Linux system, IDE interface hard disk is called HD,SCSI and SATA interface hard disk is called SD, The IDE hard disk is basically eliminated, now the most common on the market is the SATA interface hard disk, the 1th hard disk called SDA, the 2nd hard disk called SDB ..., and so on.

A hard disk has a maximum of 4 primary partitions, the partition outside the primary partition is called the extended partition, the hard disk can not have the extended partition, but must have the primary partition, in the primary partition to have an activation partition to start the Windows system, in the extended partition can establish several logical partitions, therefore, The most reasonable partitioning method should be a maximum of three primary partitions, one extended partition, which can effectively utilize the limited primary partition and then establish logical partitions in the extended partition.

In a Linux system, a total of up to 16 partitions per hard disk, 4 primary partitions on the hard disk are identified as Sdal, Sda2, Sda3, and SDA4, and the logical partitions are identified from Sda5 to Sda16.

Ubuntu Linux can be used as a mount point to load the directory, the most commonly used directory is shown in the following table:

Catalogue	Recommended Size	format	Description
/	10g-20g	Ext4	root directory
Swap	<2048m	Swap	Swap space
/boot	Around 200M	Ext4	The Linux kernel and the files required for the boot system program, such as the Vmlinuz initrd.img files, are located in this directory. In general, the GRUB or LILO system Boot Manager is also located in this directory; Start crashing into the file storage location, such as Kernels,initrd,grub.
/tmp	Around 5G	Ext4	System temporary files, general system restarts will not be saved. (need to establish server?) ）
/home	Try to be bigger.	Ext4	User working directory, personal profile, such as personal environment variables; All accounts are assigned a working directory.

The next Hefei computer maintenance network to Ubuntu Linux 12.04.3 as an example for everyone to explain the manual hard disk partitioning method.

There are two options available in the partition interface shown in 1. The simplest way is to "clear the entire hard drive and install Ubuntu" option, click the "Continue" button, the Installation Wizard will automatically select a reasonable partition according to the original partition information.

Figure 1:ubuntu Linux Partition Wizard

If you want full control over the partitioning process, you can use the "other" option. Click the "Continue" button, the Installation Wizard will take the user to the manual partition interface, shown in 2.

Figure 2: Manual Partitioning mode

Here you can see the partition information of the current hard disk, because I use a virtual machine for everyone to demonstrate, so you can only see a piece of hard disk, hard disk capacity of 20GB.

The first step: Select the free disk space, click the "Add" button, the "Create New Partition" dialog box, the new partition type primary partition, mount point is/boot, the new partition capacity is 128MB, and finally click the "OK" button, as shown in.

Figure 3: Setting up the boot partition

This mount point contains the kernel of the operating system and the files to be used in booting the system, and then creates a new swap partition.

Second step: Select the free disk space, click the "Add" button, the "Create New Partition" dialog box, the new partition type is a logical partition, "for" select "Swap Space", the new partition capacity of 1024M, and finally click the "OK" button, as shown in.

Figure 4: Establishing a Swap partition

Swap partitions are equivalent to "virtual memory" in Windows, and if physical memory is less than or equal to 512MB, it is recommended that the size of the allocated swap partition be twice times the physical memory capacity, and if the physical memory is greater than 512MB, the size of the allocated swap partition is equal to the physical memory capacity If you have large enough memory, you can not establish a swap partition.

According to the same method to establish the/VAR,/tmp,/home and other mount points, the final partition results as shown.

Figure 4: Final hard Drive partitioning results quoted: http://www.ah168.com/jishuwenzhang/xitong/Ubuntu-916.html

The most reasonable way to partition the hard disk when installing Ubuntu Linux system