Ubuntu command a word trick __ubuntu

View Software XXX Installation content
dpkg-l xxx


Find software
Apt-cache Search Regular Expression


Find out which package the file belongs to
dpkg-s filename apt-file Search filename


Query software xxx depends on which packages
Apt-cache depends xxx

Query software XXX is dependent on which packages
Apt-cache rdepends XXX


Add a CD source
sudo apt-cdrom add

System upgrades
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lack of automatic processing of H files at compile time
sudo auto-apt run./configure


View the temporary storage directory for downloading packages when installing software ls/var/cache/apt/archives

Backs up the list of all packages currently installed on the system dpkg--get-selections | Grep-v deinstall > ~/somefile

Recover all packages from the list file of the installation package backed up above
Dpkg--set-selections cleans up older versions of the software cache
sudo apt-get AutoClean

Clean up all software caches
sudo apt-get clean

Remove orphaned software that the system no longer uses
sudo apt-get autoremove
----------------------------------------------------------------------
View Kernel
Uname-a

View Ubuntu version
Cat/etc/issue

View modules loaded by the kernel
Lsmod

View PCI Devices
Lspci

View NIC Status
sudo ethtool eth0

View USB Devices
Lausb

View CPU Information
Vat/proc/cpuinfo

View current hardware information
Lshw

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

View partitions of the hard disk
sudo fdisk-l

View IDE Hard drive information
sudo hdparm-i/dev/hda

View SATA Hard Drive information
sudo hdparm-i/dev/sda
or sudo apt-get install blktool sudo blktool DEV/SDA ID

Viewing a hard disk is better than space
Df-hdf-h

To view the space occupied by the directory
DU-HS Directory Name

U disk cannot unload
Syncfuser-km/media/usbdisk

View current Memory usage
Free-l

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
View Current Process
Ps-a

Kill a Process
Kill process Number (that is, the first column of numbers in ps-a or the Killall process name)

Force a process to kill (when the method above does not succeed)
Kill-9 process number or killall-9 process name

View real-time status of the current process
Top

To view files opened by the process
Lsof-p

Configure ADSL
sudo pppoeconf

ADSL Manual Dialing
sudo pon dsl-provider

Activate ADSL
Sudo/etc/ppp/pppoe_on_boot

Disconnect ADSL
sudo poff

viewing dial-up logs
sudo plog

View network card address based on IP
Atping IP Address

View current IP Address
sudo ifconfig eth0 |awk '/inet addr/{split ($2,x, ":");p rint x[2]} '

View the IP address of the current extranet
W3m-no-cookie-dump ip.loveroot.com |grep-o ' [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\} '

View the program currently listening on port 80
Lsof-i: 80

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
View the physical address of the current network card
sudo arp-a | awk ' {print $} '
sudo ifconfig eth0 | head-1 | awk ' {print $} '

Let the network support NAT now
sudo echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
sudo iptables-t nat-i postrouting-j Masquerade

View routing Information Netstat-rn
sudo route-n

Manually increase the deletion of a route
sudo route add-net 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0 GW 172.16.0.1
sudo route del-net 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0 GW 172.16.0.1

Ways to modify the MAC address of a network card
sudo ifconfig eth0 down #关闭网卡
sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee #然后改地址
sudo ifconfig eth0 up #然后启动网卡

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Add a service sudo UPDATE-RC.D service name defaults 99

Delete a service
sudo update-rc.d service name remove

Temporarily restart a service
/etc/init.d/Service Name Restart

Temporarily turn off a service
/etc/init.d/Service Name Stop

Configure the default Java use which sudo update-alternatives--config java

Modify user Information
sudo chfn userid

Set up agent for APT
Export
Http_proxy=http://xx.xx.xx.xx:xxx

Modify System Login Information
sudo vim/etc/motd

Convert file name from GBK to UTF8
sudo apt-get install CONVMV
Convmv-r-F cp936-t UTF8--notest--nosmart *

Quick Find a file
Whereis filename
Find directory-name filename

View File types
File filename

Show the contents of the xxx file in the penultimate 6 lines
Tail-n 6 XXX