Ubuntu desktop installation configuration memo

1. ubuntu is usually installed as a second system on a hard disk. how to install Ubuntu in Windows is not described here. after adjusting the Grub system startup sequence and installing Ubuntu, the Grub system startup sequence menu is displayed first. by default... 1. ubuntu is usually installed as a second system on a hard disk. how to install Ubuntu in Windows is not described here. after adjusting the Grub system startup sequence and installing Ubuntu, the Grub system startup sequence menu is displayed first. by default, Ubuntu is a system and Windows is placed at the end, if you want to adjust the startup sequence and remove unnecessary startup items, you can do this: Import/etc/grub. d files, whose internal files start with numbers, and the startup items of grub are sorted by the numbers of these files, we only need to rename the file 30_os-prober (this is the Windows startup item file) to 09 _ OS-prober, which is placed before 10_linux (this is the startup item file of Ubuntu. In addition, you can create a bak folder and move other files to the bak folder. in this way, you can delete unnecessary startup items and make the startup menu fresh.) finally, remember to use grub-mkconfig or update-grub to regenerate/boot/grub. the cfg file is updated after the system menu is restarted. 3. install the fcitx little penguin input method to find fcitx from the Ubuntu Software Center, or use apt-get to find and install the little penguin input method and related input methods tables, such as wubi-pinyin. After the installation is complete, remember to use the command im-switch-s fcitx to switch the input method to Penguin. after restarting the system, you can call out the Penguin input method. Note: Do not use sudo to execute this command. 4. set system environment variables in linux. Generally, you can set environment variables in the following locations:/etc/environment or/etc/profile or/etc/bash. bashrc or ~ /. Profile or ~ /. Bashrc: the first three files are valid for all users, and the last two files are only valid for the current user. The execution sequence of these files is:/etc/enviroment->/etc/profile-> ~ /. Profile->/etc/bash. bashrc-> ~ /. When bashrc sets environment variables through/etc/environment, it is particularly noted that the system uses this file not to execute commands in this file, but to code in KEY = VALUE mode, VALUE is assigned to the KEY. Therefore, each row of the file is in the form of "variable name = variable VALUE". This file is not a script file and all commands cannot be executed in it, for example, a statement such as export PATH is itself incorrect in this file. Finally, the variable value must be a value and cannot contain references, such as PATH = $ PATH: /usr/java14/jre/bin is also incorrect. To set global system variables, we recommend that you use/etc/profile. if you only want to set environment variables for the current user, we recommend that you use ~ /. Profile, these are standard script files, you can use the export command, such as configuring java home, you can select one of the above two files, insert at the end: www.2cto. comexport JAVA_HOME =/usr/local/jdk1.6.0 _ 41 export PATH = $ PATH: $ JAVA_HOME/bin 5. after ubuntu is installed as the second system, partitions in the original windows system will not be automatically mounted. it is not very convenient to access these partitions each time. The following describes how to configure an automatic Mount partition when ubuntu is started: sudo gedit/etc/fstab use the above command to open the fstab file for editing. Each row is a partition mount configuration, including These items, It is a hard disk partition, represented by UUID; Is a Mount point, Is a file system, There are many option values. generally we can set it to ULTS ults, which grants all operation permissions on the file. All can be written to 0. In addition, you can use sudo fdisk-l to view hard disk partitions, and use sudo ls-l/dev/disk/by-UUID to view hard disk partitions. The following is a formatted fstab sample: [Plain] #/etc/fstab: static file system information. # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID = as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. see fstab (5 ). ## UUID = nobody/ext3 errors = remount-ro 0 1 UUID = e1c58c29-65e3-48b9-a21d-29c55e8ec84b none swap sw 0 0 UUID = 02DA67F0DA67DE83/c ntfs defaults 0 0 UUID = F6766E93766E5501/d ntfs defaults 0 0 UUID = 3392A6E3D8359343/e ntfs defaults 0 0