Web. XML configuration Detailed

Copyright NOTICE: This article for Bo Master reprint article, original address: http://blog.csdn.net/guihaijinfen/article/details/8363839

Citation:

For a programmer in the EE domain, it's basically a daily deal with web apps.

What is a web app? What is the simplest Web application? Give you a web app where do you start?

1. What is a Web application?

A web app is an application that can be accessed through the web. In the Java EE domain, Web applications are compliant with a set of standards-based applications that are built on the technology.

2. What is the simplest Web application?

2 folders, 1 XML files can be a Web application

First folder: App name, such as test

Second folder: Create a folder named Web-inf in the test folder

XML file: Create the Web. Web-inf folder under the file, the contents only need <web-app></web-app>

3, give you a Web application where do you start?

This is a matter of benevolent see, and I usually see a Web application that starts with XML.

Body:

1. Web. XML is called the deployment descriptor file, which is defined in the servlet specification and is the configuration file for the application.

2. The deployment descriptor file, like all XML files, must start with an XML header. This header declares the XML version that can be used and gives the character encoding of the file. The DOCYTPE declaration must immediately appear after this header. This statement tells the server which version of the servlet specification is applicable (for example, 2.2 or 2.3) and specifies a DTD (document type definition, doc-types definitions) that manages the syntax for the remainder of this file. The top-level (root) element of all deployment descriptor files is Web-app. Note that XML elements are not like HTML, and they are case-sensitive. Therefore, Web-app and Web-app are not legal, web-app must be lowercase.

Web. XML Sample:

[HTML]View PlainCopy

1. <? Xml version= "1.0"   Encoding= "UTF-8" ?>  
2. <! doctype web-app public  "-//sun microsystems, inc.//dtd web application  2.3//en " " HTTP://JAVA.SUN.COM/DTD/WEB-APP_2_3.DTD ">  
3. <web-app>&NBSP;&NBSP;
4. </web-app>  

3. XML elements are not only case-sensitive, but they are also sensitive to the order in which they appear in other elements. For example, the XML header must be the first item in the file, the DOCTYPE declaration must be the second item, and the Web-app element must be the third item. Within the Web-app element, the order of the elements is also important. Servers do not necessarily enforce this order, but they allow (in fact some servers do) a complete denial of the execution of Web applications that contain elements that are not in the correct order. This means that the Web. xml file using the non-standard element order is not portable.

Element Order list:

The element tag is detailed:

Element 1:<icon>

Meaning

The icon element contains the Small-icon and Large-icon two child elements. Used to specify the path to small icons and large icons on the Web platform.
<small-icon>/Path/smallicon.gif</small-icon>
The Small-icon element should point to the path of a small icon in the Web site, with a size of X pixel, but the image file must be in GIF or JPEG format, with the extension must be:. gif or. jpg.

<large-icon>/Path/largeicon-jpg</large-icon>
The Large-icon element should point to a large chart path in the Web site, with a size of X-pixel, but the image file must be in GIF or JPEG format and the extension must be; GIF or JPG.

Example

<icon>
<small-icon>/images/small.gif</small-icon>
<large-icon>/images/large.gif</large-icon>
</icon>

Element 2, 3:<display-name>,<description>

Meaning

<display-name> App Name </display-name>
Defines the name of the app.

<description> Application Description </discription>
Make a description of the application.

Example

<display-name>test</display-name>

<description> Test Application V1.0</discription>

Element 4:<context-param>

Meaning

The Context-param element is used to set the environment parameter (context) for a Web application that contains two child elements:
Param-name and Param-value.
<param-name> Parameter name </param-name>
Set the context name
<param-value> Values </param-value>
Set the value of the context name

Example
<context-param>
<param-name>param_name</param-name>
<param-value>param_value</param-value>
</context-param>
The parameters that are set in the JSP Web page can be obtained using the following methods:
${initparam.param_name}
If the servlet can use the following methods to obtain:
String Param_name=getservletcontext (). Getinitparamter ("Param_name");

Element 5,6:<filter>,<filter-mapping>

Meaning

The filter element is used to set the filters for the Web application, and its two main sub-elements filter-name and filter-class are used to define the class of the filter

Name of <filter-name>filter </filter-name>
Define the name of the filter
Class name of <filter-class>filter </filter-class>
Define the class name of the filter

The two main child elements of the filter-mapping element Filter-name and Url-pattern. Used to define the URL to which the filter corresponds.
Name of <filter-name>filter </filter-name>
Defines the name of the filter.
<url-pattern>URL</url-pattern>
The rul corresponding to Filter. For example:<url-pattern>/filter/*</url-pattern>

Example

<filter>
<filter-name>Encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>ghjf.test.filter.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>GBK</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

Element 7:<listener>

Meaning

The listener element is used to define the listener interface, and its primary child element is <listener-class>
Class name of <listen-class>listener </listener-class>
Defines the class name of the listener
<listener>

Example

<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

Element 8, 9:<servlet>, <servlet-mapping>

Meaning

The two main child elements of the servlet element, Servlet-name and Servlet-class, define the class that the servlet corresponds to

Name of <servlet-name>servlet </servlet-name>
Define the name of the servlet
Class name of <servlet-class>servlet </servlet-class>
Define the class name of the servlet

The servlet-mapping element contains two child elements servlet-name and url-pattern. Used to define the URL of the servlet.
Name of <servlet-name>servlet </servlet-name>
Defines the name of the servlet.
<url-pattern>servlet url</url-pattern>
Defines the rul that the Servlet corresponds to. For example:<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

Example

<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<display-name>dwr servlet</display-name>
<description>direct Web remoter servlet</description>
<servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

Element 10:<session-cofing>

Meaning

Session-config contains a child element, Session-timeout. Defines the session parameter in the Web App.
<session-timeout> minutes </session-timeout>
Defines the expiration date for all sessions of this web site. Units are minutes.

Example

<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>

Element 11:<mime-mapping>

Meaning

The mime-mapping contains two child elements extension and Mime-type. Defines an extension and a MIME type to be mapped.
<extension> extension name </extension>
Extension name
<mime-type>mime format </mime-type>
MIME format.

Example

<mime-mapping>
<extension>doc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xls</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ppt</extesnion>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>

Element 12:<welcome-file-list>

Meaning

The welcome-file-list contains a child element, welcome-file. Used to define the first page of the list.
<welcome-file> used to specify the home page file name </welcome-flie>
Welcome-file is used to specify the home page file name. We can use <welcome-file> to specify a few home pages, and the server will be in accordance with the set order to find the homepage.

Example

<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

Element 13:<error-page>

Meaning

The Error-page element contains three child elements, Error-code,exception-type, and location. The type of error code or exception (exception) corresponds to the Web App resource path.
<error-code> Error Codes </error-code>
HTTP Error Code, for example: 404, 403
<exception-type>Exception</exception-type>
A full-name Java exception type
<location>/Path </location>
Related resource paths within a web app

Example

<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/error404.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
<location>/exception.jsp</location>
</error-page>

Element 14:<jsp-config>

Meaning

The Jsp-config element is primarily used to set the relevant configuration of the JSP,<jsp:config> including <taglib> and <jsp-property-group> two sub-elements. Where <taglib> Elements
It already exists at JSP 1.2, and <jsp-property-group> is the new element in JSP 2.0.

<taglib>
The Taglib element contains two child elements Taglib-uri and taglib-location. Used to set the tag library path used by the JSP Web page.
<taglib-uri>URI</taglib-uri>
Taglib-uri the taglib directive of the URI,JSP Web page that defines the TLD file can be accessed through this URI to the TLD file.
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/lib/xxx.tld</taglib-laction>
The TLD file corresponds to the location where the Web site is stored.
</taglib>

<jsp-property-group>
The Jsp-property-group element contains 8 elements, respectively:
<description>Description</descrition>
Description of this setting

<display-name>Name</display-name>
The name of this setting

<url-pattern>URL</url-pattern>
The range affected by the setpoint, such as:/ch2 or/*.jsp

<el-ignored>true|false</el-ignored>
True to indicate that El syntax is not supported.

<scripting-invalid>true|false</scripting-invalid>
True indicates that the <%scription%> syntax is not supported.

<page-encoding>encoding</page-encoding>
Set the encoding of the JSP Web page

<include-prelude>.jspf</include-prelude>
Sets the header of the JSP Web page with the extension. JSPF

<include-coda>.jspf</include-coda>
Sets the end of the JSP Web page with the extension. JSPF
</jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>

Example

<jsp-config>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>Taglib</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<jsp-property-group>
<description>
Special Property Group for JSP Configuration JSP example.
</description>
<display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name>
<uri-pattern>/*</uri-pattern>
<el-ignored>true</el-ignored>
<page-encoding>GB2312</page-encoding>
<scripting-inivalid>true</scripting-inivalid>
</jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>

Element 15:<resource-env-ref>

Meaning

Resource-env-ref has two child elements:
<resource-env-ref-name> Resource Name </resource-env-ref-name>
The name of the resource is relative to Java:comp/env
<resource-env-ref-type> Resource class name returned when locating a resource </resource-env-ref-type>
The name of the Java class that is returned when the Web app looks for the resource

Example

<resource-env-ref>
<resource-env-ref-name>jdbc/mssql</resource-env-ref-name>
<resource-env-ref-type>javax.sql.DataSource</resource-env-ref-type>
</resource-env-ref>

Element 16:<resource-ref>

Meaning

The Resource-ref element consists of five child elements description,res-ref-name,res-type,res-auth,res-sharing-scope. Use Jndi to get the application available resources.
<description> Description </description>
Resource Description
<rec-ref-name> Resource Name </rec-ref-name>
Resource Name
<res-type> Resources Category </res-type>
Types of resources
<res-auth>application| Container</res-auth>
Resources are licensed by application or container
<res-sharing-scope>shareable| Unshareable</res-sharing-scope>
Whether the resource can be shared. Default value is shareable

Example

<resource-ref>
<description>jndi JDBC datasource</description>
<res-ref-name>jdbc/data</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSoruce</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>

Web. XML configuration Detailed