What programmers want to consider when building a website

PHP programmers in the framework of the site, how to make the development site access speed, security.

First, HTML static

We all know that the most efficient and the least expensive is the pure static HTML page, so we try to make the page on the site with static pages to implement.

Second, Image server separation

You know, for the Web server, whether it is Apache, IIS or other containers, the picture is the most consumption of resources, so we have to separate the picture and the page, which is basically a large web site will adopt the strategy, they have independent, and even many of the picture server. Such architectures can reduce the pressure on the server system that provides page access requests and ensure that the system does not crash due to picture problems.

In the application server and picture server, can be different configuration optimization, such as Apache in the configuration of contenttype can be as little as possible to support, as few loadmodule, to ensure higher system consumption and execution efficiency.

Third, database cluster, library table hash

Large Web sites have complex applications, which must use databases, and in the face of a large number of accesses, the bottleneck of the database can soon be revealed, when a database will soon be unable to meet the application, so we need to use the database cluster or library table hash.

In the database cluster, many databases have their own solutions, Oracle, Sybase and so on have a good solution, the common MySQL provided by the Master/slave is a similar scenario, you use what kind of db, refer to the corresponding solutions to implement.

The database cluster mentioned above is constrained by the DB type used in architecture, cost, and extensibility, so we need to consider improving the system architecture from the perspective of the application, and the library table hashing is the most common and effective solution.

We install the business and application in the application or function module to separate the database, different modules corresponding to different databases or tables, and then according to a certain policy on a page or function of a smaller database hash, such as the user table, according to user ID for the table hash, This makes it possible to improve the performance of the system at a low cost and has a good scalability.

Sohu Forum is the use of such a framework, the Forum users, settings, posts and other information database separation, and then to the post, the user in accordance with the plate and ID hash database and table, finally can be configured in the configuration file simple configuration will allow the system at any time to add a low-cost database to supplement the system performance.

Iv. Caching

The word cache has been touched by technology, and caches are used in many places. Caching in the Web site architecture and Web development is also very important. Here we first describe the two most basic caches. The advanced and distributed caches are described later.

Architecture cache, people familiar with Apache can know that Apache provides its own cache module, can also use the addition of Squid module for caching, both of which can effectively improve the access response of Apache.

Web application development cache, the memory cache provided on Linux is a common cache interface, can be used in web development, such as Java development can call MemoryCache to some data caching and communication sharing, some large communities use such a framework. In addition, in the use of web language development, all kinds of languages have their own cache, modules and methods, PHP has pear cache module, Java more,. NET is not very familiar with, I believe there is certainly.

Five, mirror

Mirroring is often used by large web sites to improve performance and data security, the mirror technology can solve the different network access providers and geographical user access speed differences, such as the difference between chinanet and edunet prompted a lot of websites in the education network to build mirror site, Data is scheduled to be updated or updated in real time. In terms of mirror detail technology, this is not too deep, there are many professional ready-made solution architectures and products to choose from. There are also inexpensive ways to implement software, such as the tools of Rsync on Linux.

Six, load Balancing

Load balancing will be a high-end solution for large web sites that address high-load access and a large number of concurrent requests.

Load balancing technology has developed for many years, there are many professional service providers and products can be selected, I personally contacted a number of solutions, including two architecture can give you a reference.

(1), Hardware four layer Exchange

The fourth layer Exchange uses the header information of the third layer and fourth layer packets, according to the application interval to identify the business flow, the entire interval segment of the business flow distribution to the appropriate application server for processing. The layer fourth switch function is like a virtual IP, pointing to the physical server. It transmits services that comply with a variety of protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, NFS, Telnet, or other protocols. These operations are based on physical servers and require complex load balancing algorithms. In the IP world, the business type is determined by the terminal TCP or UDP port address, and the application interval in layer fourth switching is determined by the source and endpoint IP addresses, TCP, and UDP ports. In the hardware four-layer switching product area, there are some well-known products to choose from, such as Alteon, F5, etc., these products are expensive, but value for money, can provide very good performance and very flexible management capabilities. "Yahoo China" at the beginning of nearly 2000 servers, only the use of three or four alteon will be done.

(2), software four layer Exchange

When you know the principle of hardware layer four switch, the software four layer exchange based on the OSI model comes into being, so the solution achieves the same principle, but the performance is slightly worse. But to meet a certain amount of pressure or comfortable, some people say that the software implementation is actually more flexible, the ability to handle the full look at your configuration of the familiar ability.

Software four-layer switching we can use the common LVS on Linux to solve, LVs is Linux Virtual Server, he provides a real-time disaster response based on the Heart Line heartbeat solution, improve the system robustness, At the same time, the flexible virtual VIP configuration and management functions can meet a variety of application requirements, which is necessary for distributed systems.

A typical use of load balancing strategy is to build a squid cluster on the basis of software or hardware four-layer switching, which is adopted on many large Web sites including search engines, which have low cost, high performance and strong extensibility, and it is easy to add or subtract nodes to the architecture at any time.

For large web sites, each of the previously mentioned methods may be used at the same time, here is relatively simple introduction, the implementation of a lot of details in the process need to be familiar with and experience. Sometimes a small squid parameter or Apache parameter setting can have a significant impact on system performance.

Free to receive the lamp brother even original PHP video tutorial CD/"Detailed PHP" Essentials Edition, details of the website customer service:

Http://www.lampbrother.net

What programmers want to consider when building a website