When Network Management (1) -- DHCP configuration on Windows Server
There are still a lot of equipment in the school lab. Although the network environment is not complex, it is more complicated than the home environment. You should be a trainer and just write some articles, in the future, the lab network will not be taken care. Let's talk about DHCP configuration first!
1. What is DHCP and what is DHCP used?
DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a network Protocol applied in the LAN, based on UDP, server port number is 67, client is 68, IPv6 version is 546, IPv6 cannot be normally supported on devices in the lab, so IPv6-related content is not described here.
To put it bluntly, DHCP is actually to allocate some network configuration information to the hosts in the LAN, including the most common routers, gateways, DNS, and subnet masks. It is automatically allocated with DHCP, the Network Administrator's burden will be much reduced. IP addresses, masks, and DNS do not need to be manually set one by one, and the network can be managed on the IP address.
Here is an idiot's question: why should we configure the network information, that is, IP address, mask, DNS, gateway, and so on? The answer is simple. If you don't deserve it, you won't be able to get on the Internet. If you don't deserve it, you won't be able to set up a LAN, and you won't be able to drive CS!
2. IP address, DNS, gateway, mask literacy IP Address: Internet Protocol, network Protocol, IP address is naturally the Network Protocol address, with this address, in order to conduct basic networking, this is equivalent to buying a suite and attaching a house number to you so that someone else can find your home. DNS: Domain Name System, Domain Name System, and website access on the network are actually access IP addresses, but it is certainly inconvenient to access the IP address, for example, 202.117.128.8. Generally, users will never remember the IP address to access the website, for convenience, you can access domain names such as baidu.com, and DNS appears to convert the domain name to an IP address. Gateway: Gateway is a level connecting two different networks. The Gateway usually appears in a vro or a place where there is a routing protocol in the LAN. It is generally called a "sub-network ". Mask: when it comes to the mask, we must talk about the subnet and subnet division. The current IP address uses CIDR to divide the subnet, And the IP address and subnet mask are in phase, the obtained result indicates the subnet division and definition. 3. network topology analysis
The above is the internal network topology of the lab, which is relatively simple. Two of the three servers are mainly used for network sharing and one dedicated download. There are many devices under the master server, namely, 222.24.52.173 server and Intranet IP Address: 172.20.0.1, mask 255.255.0.0. This server also has four switches under it, and four switches are connected in cascade mode, it provides network services for internal PCs, two wireless routers, Mac, and other mobile phone devices in the lab. Because the two servers used for network sharing adopt static DHCP mode, that is, the assigned IP address remains unchanged, the maximum number of allocated IP addresses exceeds 250. The secondary server is mainly used to share the Internet access pressure on the primary server. It only provides wireless network connection services without a vswitch. 4. Now that DHCP configuration has basically built a network layout, You have to configure it on the server. Compared with Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008 R2 has poor stability. Therefore, all three servers use the Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system.
Step 1: configure a fixed IP address for the internal NicTo enable the DHCP service, you must manually configure a fixed IP address for the network adapter that connects to the internal network (that is, the network that requires the DHCP service. TIPS: it is best to rename the NIC to distinguish between the Intranet and the Internet Nic by WAN and LAN, as shown in:
Next, select the Intranet Nic and specify a fixed lan ip address in the attribute. The IP address must be in the following ranges: ① 10.0.0.0 ~ 10.20.255.255 ② 172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255 ③ 192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255 is known as an intranet IP address segment, which is a reserved IP address in IPv4 and can be used to configure the LAN. However, to avoid conflicts with the vro, we recommend that you select the IP addresses of segment ① and segment ②.
After confirming, the dhcp ip address is configured.
Step 2: Add a role to the server:First Open Server Manager> Add role,
As needed, you can choose to install relevant roles. Here I have installed DHCP, network policies, access services, and file services. The following describes the basic functions of these three roles:
① DHCP: Provides DHCP services, such as IP Address Allocation and DNS allocation. You can also manage IP Address allocation policies, such as allocating fixed IP addresses or excluding some IP addresses.
② Network policy and Access Service: Provides VPN, NAT, routing and other services. It is a higher-level network service, which is relatively complicated and generally used in combination with DHCP and DNS.
③ File service: Mainly used for file sharing.We will briefly describe the DHCP configuration today. Next, you can make some basic configurations in the step-by-step prompt. However, if you do not feel comfortable, you can configure the configurations as needed and continue the next step, and then perform detailed configuration.
WINS is basically not configured, that is, it cannot be used
When adding a role, you can directly create a simple available scope.
Disable the IPv6 stateless mode if the IPv6 network is not complete or cannot be used.
After checking the information correctly, click Install.
Step 3: Create a scope and enable DHCPFind DHCP in the management tool, right-click IPv4, and create a scope
You can specify the name and description as needed.
Next, you need to determine the IP segment you want to allocate and set the IP address range. If the calculated subnet mask and length result is incorrect or does not meet the requirements, Please modify it on your own! For the relationship between the subnet mask and the IP address, see computer network or related books of network engineers.
If you want the DHCP server not to assign a certain IP address, you need to add the exclusion range. If you want to configure the range, DHCP will not assign 172.20.1.100 ~ IP addresses between 172.20.1.150
The lease period is the IP address validity period. If the lease period is exceeded, the client needs to renew the IP address or obtain a different IP address. The default lease period for Windows is 8 hours. If the client's network time is uncertain or its mobility is high, for example, the public Wifi of the mall, there is no need to give the client an everlasting IP address, instead, you can assign a fixed IP address to a fixed desktop in the lab to facilitate access and testing by other devices.
Next, you need to set up a router, that is, the default gateway mentioned above. Because the servers inside the lab all act as gateways and DHCP identities at the same time, I configure the default gateway as the local IP address, how to build a gateway. Let me talk about it in the next article! Next, add some DNS server addresses in the specified region. We recommend that you add more addresses to prevent DNS from being suspended, in addition, it is best to put the nearest and most stable IP address of the DNS server in the first place, and then gradually decrease according to the stability and speed. the IP address of the DNS service can be searched on the Internet, it is best not to leave the domain name too far, in case it affects the speed of domain name resolution, thus affecting the speed of Website access.
Next, click Next. After completing the DHCP configuration, the DHCP configuration is basically complete. The rest is to observe the IP address from the address lease list, and clean up or retain the IP address when necessary.
Now, the basic DHCP configuration on Windows Server is here. Because the DHCP configuration in Windows is similar, here we will not give an example of "2003" or "2012". Just play it out!
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